Head and Neck Summarized Tables in Residency ENT
Aug 5, 2025
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Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
ATA Classification
Table 5
BTA Classification
Table 6
Staging of Thyroid Cancer
‘T’ Staging
‘N’ Staging
‘M’ Staging
Table 7
Joint UICC and AJCC Classifications for Regional Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Table 8
Summary of Treatment for Facial Paralysis
Table 1
Normal Cochlear Retrocochlear Pure tone audiogram Normal SNHL SNHL Speech discrimination score 90%-100% Below 90% Very poor Roll over phenomenon Absent Absent Present Recruitment Absent Present Absent SISI score 0-15% Over 70% 0-20% Threshold tone decay test 0-15 dB Less than 25 dB Above 25 dB Stapedial Reflex Present Present Absent Stapedial reflex decay Normal Normal Abnormal ERA Normal interval between wave 1 and 5 Normal interval between wave 1 and 5 Wave 5 delayed or absent
Table 2
The Jugular Foramen and Related Syndromes Syndrome Cranial nerves Site of involvement Vernet’s Syndrome IX, X XI Lesions in jugular foramen Collect-Sicard Syndrome IX, X, XI, XIIIX, X, XI, XII Lesions in retroparotid space
Retropharyngeal extension Vallaret’s Syndrome Sympatheic chain Schmidt’s Syndrome Occasionally VII, X, XI Intradural extension Intradural extension Avellis Syndrome XI (accessory to X) Occasionally inferior margin of JF Jackson’s Syndrome X, XI, XII Intracranial extension before the nerves leave the skull base Tapia Syndrome X, XII occasionally Lesion high in the neck Cerebellopontine angle Syndrome XI, sympathetic chain, VII, VIII, V Extension into CP angle Gracin’s hemibase Syndrome All cranial nerves on one side (often incomplete) Infiltrative nasopharyngeal Ca 
Table 3
Selective non-operative management of penetrating neck injuries has been validated as effective and safe in several prospective studies.
| Series | No of patients | Explored | Endovascular management | Negative explorations | Observed | Mortality |
| Narrod12 | 77 | 62% | NR | 15% | 29% | 0% |
| Campbell13 | 108 | 24% | NR | 0% | 82% | 1.2% |
| Ngakane14 | 109 | NR | NR | NR | 97% | 1.8% |
| Demetriades9 | 335 | 20% | NR | 15% | 80% | 0% |
| Thoma15 | 203 | 12% | 4% | 0% | 78% | 0% |
| Van Waes16 | 77 | 8% | 1% | 0% | 90% | 0% |
Table 4
ATA Classification
ATA classification (Bethesda System) Diagnostic category Cytological diagnosis Management I Non – diagnostic Repeat US-guided FNA II Benign Clinical follow up III Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance Repeat FNA IV Suspicious Surgical hemithyroidectomy V Suspicious Near-total thyroidectomy/surgical hemithyroidectomy VI Malignant Near-total hemithyroidectomy
Table 5
BTA Classification
BTA classification (RCPath Thy System) Diagnostic category Cytological diagnosis Management Thy 1 Non-diagnostic US assessment +/- repeat FNAB Thy 2 Non-neoplastic Correlate with clinical/US findings Thy 3 Neoplasm possible Thy3a – Atypia (uncategorized)
Thy3f – Atypia (possible follicular neoplasm)
Further US +/- repeat FNAB
Diagnostic hemithyroidectomy Thy 4 Suspicious of malignancy Diagnostic hemithyroidectomy Thy 5 Diagnostic of malignancy Surgical resection
Table 6
Staging of Thyroid Cancer
‘T’ Staging
Primary tumour Tx Primary tumour cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumour T1 Tumour ≤2cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid T1a Tumour ≤ 1cm, limited to the thyroid T1b Tumour >1 cm but ≤2cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid T2 Tumour > 2 cm but ≤4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid T3 Tumour >4 cm limited to the thyroid, or gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles T3a Tumour >4 cm limited to the thyroid T3b Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternothyroid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumour of any size T4a Tumour of any size extending beyond the thyroid capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus or recurrent laryngeal nerve T4b Tumour invades prevertebral fascial or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels
‘N’ Staging
Regional lymph nodes (cervical or upper mediastinal) Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis N1a Metastases to Level 6/7 nodes unilateral or bilateral N1b Metastases to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels 1,2,3,4 or 5) or retropharyngeal nodes
‘M’ Staging
Distant metastases M0 No distant metastases M1 Distant metastases Residual tumour Rx Cannot assess presence of residual primary tumour R0 No residual primary tumour R1 Microscopic residual primary tumour R2 Macroscopic residual primary tumour
Table 7
Joint UICC and AJCC Classifications for Regional Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Clinical N Staging for Cervical Metastases N category Criteria NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE-negative N2a Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node larger thatn 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE-negative N2b Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE – negative N3a Metastasis in a lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE-negative N3b Metastasis in any node(s) and clinically overt ENE-positive. ENE = Extranodal Extension. Defined as: The presence of skin involvement or soft tissue invasion with deep fixation/tethering to underlying muscle or adjacent structure or clinical signs of nerve involvement is classified as clinical extra nodal extension
Table 8
Summary of Treatment for Facial Paralysis
Summary of treatment for facial paralysis Treatment type Example Medical Use of steroids, physical therapy, electrical stimulation Surgical Ocular
Insertion of gold weight, tarsorraphy, canthopexy, lid-tightening Statc support Forehead/brow lift, limited face lift, fascial grafts Nerve transposition Hypoglossal – facial, accessory – facial, facial – facial Muscle transposition Temporalis, platysma, digastric, masseter Cable nerve grafts From facial, cervical, sural nerves Free muscle transfers Gracilis, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, rectus abdominis
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