Jul 16, 2025
Regional Anesthesia
Comparison of Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia
Non- depolarising muscle relaxant drugs
Table 4
Full Review of General Anesthesia
Airway Devices
Sizes of LMA
Lemon's Law
Indications of ventilator
Concentration of lignocaine in various anesthesia techniques
Reversible causes of Cardiac arrest
AHA algorithm for Tachycardia Management
Parts of Anaesthesia Machine
Peripheral nerve block Central neuraxial blockade Brachial plexus block
Stellate ganglion block
Celiac plexus block
Femoral plexus blockSpinal anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia
Caudal anesthesia
Saddle anesthesia
Parameter Spinal anesthesia Epidural anesthesia Onset Fast Slow Duration Limited duration Prolonged duration (as a catheter is used) Headache Present Rare Post-op pain relief Very low Fast Technique Easy Difficult Quality of block Dense Incomplete or patchy because the drug diffuses Complications t Hypotension- Most common
Causes sympathetic blockleading to reduced venous return and cardiac output
Steroidal (-curonium) Benzylisoquinolinium (-curiums) Ends with curoniumo Pancuroniumo
Vecuroniumo
RocuroniumEnds with curiumo
Atracuriumo
Mivacuriumo
Doxacuriumo
Cisatracurium
Condition IV induction Agent Muscle Relaxant Inhalational Agent Heart disease Etomidate Vecuronium Desflurane is best butIsoflurane is commonly used Asthma Ketamine Any muscle relaxantcan be given Sevoflurane (reduce airwayresistance) > halothane Shock Ketamine Pancuronium Desflurane is best butIsoflurane is commonly used Day caresurgery Propofol Mivacurium Desflurane is best butSevoflurane is commonly used Neurosurgery Sodium thiopentone Any muscle relaxant canbe given Isoflurane
Temporary airway device Permanent airway device Used if permanent airway device insertion fails or is difficult.
E.g. Laryngeal mask airwayInserted directly into the trachea
Only lungs are ventilated
Prevents aspiration
E.g. Endotracheal tube
Size Weight of the patient 1 <5 kg 1.5 5-10 kg 2 10-20 kg 2.5 20-30 kg 3 30-50 kg 4 50-70 kg 5 70-100 kg 6 >100 kg
Evaluation Criteria Points L = Look externally Facial trauma 1 Large incisors 1 Beard or moustache 1 Large tongue 1 E = Evaluate the 3-3-2 rule Incisor distance - 3 finger breadths 1 Hyoid mental distance - 3 finger breadths 1 Thyroid-to-mouth distance - 2 finger breadths 1 M = Mallampati (Mallampati score > 3) 1 O = Obstruction (presence of any condition suchas epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, trauma) 1 N = Neck mobility (limited neck mobility) 1 Total 12
Invasive Ventilator Non-invasive Ventilation Increasing respiratory rate
Asynchronous respiratory pattern
Change in mentation or level ofconsciousness (GCS < 8)
Hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis
Hypotension and atrial dysrhythmiasAcute exacerbations of COPD
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Technique Concentration Intravenous regional anesthesia 0.5% Nerve blocks / Epidural 1-2% Topical 2-4% Spinal Spinal 5%
5Hs 5Ts Hypovolemia
Hypothermia
Hydrogen ion (acidosis)
Hypokalemia
HyperkalemiaCardiac tamponade
Coronary thrombosis
Tension pneumothorax
Pulmonary thrombosis
Toxin
High-pressure system Intermediate pressuresystem Low-pressure system Cylinder
Yolk valve assembly
Pressure gauze
Pressure reducing valveOxygen and Nitrogenproportioning devices
Flow control valve
Oxygen flush
Central supplyVaporizer
Rotameter
Common gas outlet
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