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Dermatology and venereology

Compare & Recall: High-Yield Dermatology Tables for NEET PG

Jul 30, 2025

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Table 1

Lines in Dermatology

Table 2

Furuncle Vs Carbuncle

Table 3

Black Piedra & White Piedra

Table 4

Atypical Mycobacterium Infections

Table 5

Deformities in Leprosy

WHO classification and grading

Table 6

Immunosuppressants

Table 7

Types of hair

Table 8

Grading of Acne and Treatment

Table 9

Syphilis Bacteriology

Table 10

Approach to Genital Ulcer Disease

Table 11

Allergens and their Sources in ACD

Table 12

Keloid Vs Hypertrophic scar

Table 1

Lines in Dermatology

Blaschko's Lines

Langer's Lines

Blaschkos Lines

TConstant, lines of embryonic development along which keratinocytes migrate.
They have a strict midline demarcation.
Spiral pattern of lines in the posterior part and the linear pattern on the limbs can be seen.
They are important because of a certain dermatosis, which presents along the Blaschko lines.
Some Examples - Verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN), Incontinentia pigmentation.

Lines of the orientation of collagen and muscle fibers in our body.
Important to know at the time of making surgical incisions.
Helps dermatologists to determine how the incisions should be done in the skin.
If done correctly, the healing would be better as there will not be much damage to collagen and muscle fibers.
These lines are called the Relaxed SkinTension Lines (RSTL).
Since these lines represent collagen and muscle fibers, they are not constant.
They do not have strict midline demarcation.

Table 2

Furuncle Vs Carbuncle

Table 3

Black Piedra & White Piedra

Table 4

Atypical Mycobacterium Infections

Swimming pool granuloma

Buruli ulcer

Caused by M. Marinum
Due to the exposure to fish tanks and contaminated water.

Scar forms on the skin.
Treated with clarithromycin + ethambutol.

Caused by M. Ulcerans.
Ulcers are formed on the skin.
Treated with rifampicin + streptomycin.

Table 5

Deformities in Leprosy

WHO classification and grading

Hands and Feet
Grade 0	No anesthesia, no visible deformity or damage
Grade 1	Anesthesia present, but no visible deformity or damage
Grade 2	Visible deformity or damage present
Eyes
Grade 0	No eye problem due to leprosy, no evidence of visual loss
Grade 1	Eye problems due to leprosy, but vision is not severely aﬀected as a (vision: 6/60 or better, can count ﬁngers at 6m)
Grade 2	Severe visual impairment (vision: worse than 6/60; inability to count ﬁngers at 6m) also includes lagophthalmos, iridocyclitis, and corneal opacities.

Table 6

Immunosuppressants


	Azathioprine (AZA)	Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)	Cyclophosphamide
MOA	Inhibits purine synthesis	Inhibits IMP synthesis	Alkylating agent
Dose	2-3 mg/kg/day	1-3 gm/day	1-2 mg/kg
Side Eﬀects	Bone marrow suppression, Nausea, liver dysfunction	Bone marrow suppression, Gastrointestinal symptoms	Gonadal failure, hemorrhagic cystitis, bone marrow suppression and an increased risk of bladder cancer
Remarks	Patients who have TPMT deﬁciency should avoid taking the drug as it is metabolised byTPMT enzyme.		Contraindicated in fertile women as it may cause gonadal toxicity
AZA, MMF, Cyclophosphamide are preferred along with corticosteroids.

Table 7

Types of hair

Table 8

Grading of Acne and Treatment

Grade-01	Comedones Treatment: Topical Retinoids
Grade-02	Comedones + Inflammatory papules and few pustules Treatment Topical Retinoids + Topical Antibiotics If necessary, Benzoyl peroxide can be given
Grade-03	Comedones + Multiple Inflammatory papules and pustules Treatment: Topical Retinoids + Topical Antibiotics + Oral Antibiotics
Grade-04	Nodulocystic acne (Nodules + cysts) Most severe form Treatment: Oral Isotretinoin

Table 9

Syphilis Bacteriology

Bacteriology
Family	Spirochaetaceae
Species	Treponema pallidum "Thread like organism which takes an turn"
Length	6-15um
Width	0.25 um
Coils	8-24
Culture	Not cultivable bacilli

Table 10

Approach to Genital Ulcer Disease

	Syphilis	Chancroid	HSV	Donovanosis	LGV
Incubation period	9-90 days	2-7 days	2-7 days	3-30 days	10-30 Days
Ulcer number	One	Multiple	Multiple	One	Transient
Pain	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Base	clean	Covered with grayish sloughUndermined	Erosion	Granulomatous	No
Edges	Rubbery		polycyclic	Overhanging granules	No
Induration	Positive	Negative	Negative	Ulcer may be ﬁrm	No
Bleeds on Touch	No	Yes	Yes	Yes very easily	No
Lymph nodes
Laterality	Bilateral	Unilateral	Bilateral	Pseudo Bubo	Bilateral
Pain	No	Yes	No	No	Yes

Table 11

Allergens and their Sources in ACD

Allergens	Sources
Nickel, cobalt	Artiﬁcial jewellery, jean buttons
Chromium (Potassium dichromate)	Cement, Painting
Potassium dichromate	Leather, detergents, paint
Epoxy resins, phenols	Plastics
Parthenium	Plants
Propylene glycol	Cosmetics, medicaments
PPD (Para Phenylenediamine)	Hair dyes
Neomycin, gentamycin	Topical medications
Latex/ rubber	Gloes, shoes, belts
PTBP	Bindi

Table 12

Keloid Vs Hypertrophic scar

Keloid	Hypertrophic scar
Extends beyond the original defect. Does not resolve spontaneously It is not corrected by surgery. Intralesional treatment Corticosteroids Fluorouracil Cryotherapy	Scar does not extend beyond the original defect. Can resolve spontaneously in 1-2 years on its own It can be corrected by surgery.

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·Black Piedra	White Piedra
It is caused by Piedraia Hortae It is presented as Hard gritty nodules. Appears on the hair shaft, like the scalp.	It is caused by Trichosporon Asahii, also called Trichomycosis Nodosa. It is presented as Soft white nodules. Appears on other hair-bearing areas.

Lanugo hair	Vellus hair	Terminal hair
Seen in premature baby Soft, non-medullated, thin Depigmented hair Present in utero Premature babies	Hair on the face, forehead Soft Non-medullated Hypopigmented < 2cm long Till adolescent	Coarse hair Hair on the beard area and pubic area Medullated Pigmented Longer Present in androgen-dependent areas because it has hormones.

Furuncle	Carbuncle
Lot of inflammation around a hair follicle	Multiple hair follicle being affectedIt is usually seen in diabetics and in the back