Helminthology : Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development : NEET PG Microbiology
Apr 07, 2023
Helminthology, which is the study of parasitic worms, is an important topic in microbiology. Helminth infections are prevalent in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Many helminth infections can cause serious illnesses and even death. As a medical professional, you must be able to diagnose and treat these infections appropriately to prevent severe outcomes.
Egg has polar filaments, polar thickening with central hooklet
Non-bile-stained egg
Autoinfection - present
DOC -Praziquantel
Important information
Non-Bile-Stained Eggs
Necator Americanus
E. Vermicularis
H. Nana
Ancylostoma duodenale(Hookworm)
H. diminuta (Rat Tape worm)
Autoinfection - Absent
Egg lacks polar filaments
Echinococcus granulosus
Infective form – Eggs with contaminated food and water
MC site – Liver (Hydatid cyst) >Lungs >Brain
Hydatid Cyst
Most active layer – Endocyst (Germinal epithelium)
It leads to formation of brood capsules, protoscolices and hydatid fluid.
This can be detected by Casoni’s test (Type 1 HS reaction)
Best treatment is surgical removal.
PAIR therapy
Echinococcus Multilocularis
Malignant Hydatid Disease
Tinea
T. Solium
T. Saginata
Longer
Armed (Rostellum with Hooklets)
Unarmed tapeworm as it lacks Rostellum and Hooklets
Larval form A/K/a Cysticercus cellulosae
Larval form A/K/a Cysticercus bovis
Eating Uncooked pork leads to taeniasis (diarrhoea)
Eating uncooked beef leads to taeniasis (diarrhoea)
Infection form - Eggs majority of cases of Cysticercosis Also, for Neuro- cysticercosis MC site - Subarachnoid Present with Atypical Seizures IOC - CT / MRI (If calcified-CT) DOC - Albendazole
No infection with eggs of taenia saginata
TREMATODES (LEAF LIKE FLUKES)
Monoecious
2 intermediate host
1st → Snail
2nd→ Aquatic vegetation / Fish / Crab
Infective form - Metacercariae (Cyst like structure)
Q. A child with 10 days abdominal pain presented to OPD. Stool microscopy was done which showed the given findings. What is the DOC for the disease caused by the given organism?
(AIIMS - May- 2018)
A. Albendazole
B. Mebendazole
C. Praziquantel
D. Pyrantel Pamoate
Q. Slow growing alveolar like tumour in liver?
(AIIMS - Nov - 2019)
A. E. Granulosus
B. E. Multilocularis
C. Cysticercus cellulosae
D. Amoebic liver abscess
Q. Which is correct about larval stage of Taenia solium?
(FMGE - June - 2019)
A. Larva currens
B. Cysticercosis Cellulose
C. Cutaneous Larvae Migrans
D. Visceral Larvae Migrans
Q. Which parasite lives in bladder plexus?
(FMGE - Nov - 2017)
A. Schistosoma
B. Fasciola
C. Ascaris
D. Echinococcus
Q. A 35-year-old man presented with dry cough & rusty coloured sputum. He has history of eating in Chinese restaurant very often with consumption of crabs often; what is the causative agent in this condition?
(NEET - Jan - 2019)
A. Diphyllobothrium latum
B. Pneumocystis jirovecii
C. Paragonimus Westermanii
D. Strongyloides stercoralis
Q. Identify the egg shown in image?
(FMGE - Aug - 2020)
A. Ascaris Lumbricoidoes
B. Enterobius Vermicularis
C. Trichuris Trichiura
D. H. Nana
Q. A 5-year-old child presented to OPD with complaints of rectal prolapse; on examination stunting & growth retardation was documented. What is parasitological cause for this clinical feature?
(NEET–Jan - 2019)
A. Trichuris Trichiura
B. Trichinella Spiralis
C. Giardia Lamblia
D. Enterobius vermicularis
Q. Identify the egg shown in image?
(FMGE - Dec - 2020)
A. Trichuris Trichiura
B. Enterobius Vermicularis
C. Ankylostoma
D. Ascaris
Q. Cutaneous larvae migrans caused by which organism?
(NEET–Jan - 2018)
A. Anisakiasis Simplex
B. Toxocara Species
C. Ancyclostoma braziliensis
D. Necator americanus
Q. Patients with history of kidney transplantation presenting with diarrhoea. The motility of the worms is given. Correct statement is?
(AIIMS - Nov - 2018)
A. Monoecious & the organism related with pathogenesis
B. Transmitted by intake contaminated food & water
C. Loffler’s pneumonia is not caused by same organism
D. Body gets this infection through filiform larvae
Q. Image shown here is?
(INICET - Nov - 2020)
A. Ascaris
B. Ancylostoma duodenale
C. Enterobius vermicularis
D. Strongyloides Stercoralis
Q. Pulmonary eosinophilia is seen d/t which of following infection?
(FMGE - Nov - 2017)
A. Ancyclostoma
B. Trichinella
C. Filaria
D. Roundworm
Q. A person working in which of the following profession can have the problem shown in the image?
(AIIMS–May - 2019)
A. Person is working in the butcher house
B. Life guard in swimming pool
C. Kennel worker
D. Poultry farm worker
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