Agoraphobia: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Agoraphobia is one of the anxiety illnesses. Agoraphobia is the fear of and avoidance of situations or places that could result in panic attacks and feelings of confinement, helplessness, or humiliation. You could feel apprehensive about a situation that is happening now or might happen later. For instance, you might be afraid to use public transit, to be in open or crowded spaces, to stand in a queue, or to be around many people.

The anxiety is brought on by the worry that there won't be a quick way out of it or support if the anxiety gets too bad. You could avoid some situations if you are concerned about things like being lost, falling, or having diarrhea and not being able to reach a bathroom. Most people who experience agoraphobia do so after having one or more panic attacks, which explains their fear of having further attacks in the future.

They avoid potential recurrence locations after that.

People with agoraphobia typically struggle to feel secure in any public situation, especially in congested regions and strange surroundings. You could believe that whenever you go out in public, you need to be accompanied by a friend or relative. You can feel so paralyzed by fear that you are unable to leave your home.

Treatment for agoraphobia may be challenging because it includes confronting your fears. However, you can overcome agoraphobia and have a more satisfying life with the appropriate care, including medication and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Causes Of Agoraphobia

What specifically causes agoraphobia is uncertain. However, there are a number of situations that have been shown to enhance the risk of developing agoraphobia. These include:

• Depression and other phobias, including claustrophobia and social phobia
• An alternative type of anxiety condition, like generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder
• An abusive history, either sexual or physical
• A problem of substance abuse
• A family history of agoraphobia
• Agoraphobia is more common in women. With an average starting age of 20 years, it often begins during adolescence. However, the condition's symptoms could show up at any age.

While the onset of agoraphobia can occur at any age, it typically doesn't occur until the late teen or early adult years, usually before the age of 35. However, older people are not immune from it. Women are diagnosed with agoraphobia more frequently than males.

Also Read: Nymphomania: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Symptoms of Agoraphobia

Everyone once in a while feels anxious. However, an anxiety disorder causes increased worry that obstructs normal activities. As a result of the intense stress and worry that goes along with agoraphobia, a person might avoid situations. The symptoms of agoraphobia resemble the symptoms of a panic attack. You may experience any of the following signs when you are in frightening situations or surroundings:

• Too rapid of a heartbeat.
• A sensation of discomfort or fear.
• Hyperventilation or trouble breathing.
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
• Sudden shivers or flushing (hot, red face).
• Profuse sweating, or hyperhidrosis.
• stomach ache.

Also Read: Reactive Attachment Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Risk Factors Of Agoraphobia

These are a few of the risk factors for agoraphobia:

• Being afflicted with phobias or other disorders that induce overwhelming terror.
• Panic attack symptoms that include intense dread and avoidance.
• Such as being abused, losing a parent, or being attacked, are stressful life circumstances.
• Being susceptible to anxiousness or jitteriness.
• A close relative who has agoraphobia.

Also Read: Pseudobulbar Affect Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Diagnosis Of Agoraphobia

To be identified as having agoraphobia, you must have symptoms that meet particular criteria in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Medical experts commonly use the DSM to pinpoint mental health issues.

When two or more of the following situations occur, you must feel extreme dread or anxiety in order to be diagnosed with agoraphobia:

using public transportation, such as a bus or train, being alone when traveling far from home, being in a confined space, such as a car or an elevator, or being in an open environment, such as a parking lot.

Additional criteria must be met for an agoraphobia and panic disorder diagnosis. You must often experience panic attacks, at least one of which must have been followed by:

• Apprehension of potential panic attacks
• Anxiety that having a panic attack may have negative consequences, such as losing control or having a heart attack, or anxiety that the episodes will alter your behavior.
• You won't be diagnosed with agoraphobia if another illness is the cause of your symptoms. Nothing can also compel them to occur.

Also Read: Delayed Sleep Phase: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

Treatment Of Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is typically treated with medication and psychotherapy, sometimes known as talk therapy. You can feel better with treatment, but it can take some time.

Talk therapy

Talk therapy includes both setting objectives and learning practical techniques to minimize your anxiety symptoms. The most successful form of talk therapy for anxiety disorders, including agoraphobia, is cognitive behavioral therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy can assist you in more effectively managing your anxiety, facing your concerns, and finally getting back to the things you put off because of your stress. Cognitive behavioral therapy treatments are typically merely short-term. As you move forward with this strategy, your symptoms improve as you build on your prior successes.

You can discover:

• What triggers panic attacks or symptoms that resemble them, as well as what makes them worse.
• How to control and deal with anxious symptoms.
• How to directly disprove your concerns, for example, by posing the question of whether unpleasant things are likely to happen in social situations.
• That anxiety eventually goes away and that, if you stay in situations long enough to learn from them, the anticipated repercussions typically don't happen.
• How to approach feared and avoided situations gradually, predictably, in a way that is under control, and again. Exposure therapy is another name for this important aspect of agoraphobia treatment.

If you have trouble leaving your house, you might be perplexed as to how you could possibly go to a therapist's office. Agonists who focus on treating agoraphobia are aware.

Choose a therapist who can help you find alternatives to office visits in the early stages of therapy if agoraphobia has made you feel restricted to your home. The therapist could advise meeting with you initially at home or in a setting you find secure. Additionally, some therapists offer some sessions over the phone, via email, or via video.

If your agoraphobia is so severe that you cannot receive therapy, a more demanding inpatient program that focuses on treating anxiety might be useful.

To focus on anxiety coping mechanisms, an intensive outpatient treatment frequently requires spending a full or part of each day in a clinic or hospital for a minimum of two weeks. Depending on the situation, a residential program may be necessary. This involves getting counseling while in the hospital for severe anxiety.

If possible, you should attend your meeting with a trusted friend or family member who can offer you support, help, and coaching if required.

Medicines

Many people with agoraphobia receive treatment with certain antidepressants. Sometimes, anti-anxiety drugs are used with caution. Antidepressants have a better track record than anti-anxiety drugs in the treatment of agoraphobia.

• Antidepressants. Specific antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), are used to treat panic disorder with agoraphobia. Other antidepressant types may also be effective in treating agoraphobia. Antidepressants are also used to treat other mental health conditions, such as depression.
• Sedative medicine. Benzodiazepines are calming anti-anxiety drugs that your doctor may occasionally give to treat anxious feelings. Benzodiazepines are frequently only used briefly to treat abrupt anxiety, also known as acute anxiety. Because these drugs have the potential to become habit-forming, they are not recommended if you have had recurrent anxiety problems or concerns with alcohol or drug misuse.

It could take weeks for a medicine to start managing symptoms. You might need to test a few different medications before you find the one that works best for you.

Both before and after treatment, antidepressant side effects might cause painful physical sensations or even indications of a panic attack. As a result, during treatment, your doctor will likely gradually increase your dosage and gradually decrease it when you're ready to stop taking the medicine.

Also Read: Schizoaffective Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Prevention Of Agoraphobia

There is no definite way to prevent agoraphobia. However, anxiety tends to increase as you avoid your concerns more. If you start to feel a little worried about going to safe places, try regularly practicing it. You might feel more at peace there as a result of this. If it's too challenging to perform on your own, ask a family member or friend to help you, or get professional aid.

If you experience panic attacks or travel anxiety, seek therapy as soon as you can. Seek treatment as soon as you can to stop symptoms from getting worse. If you put off seeking help, anxiety, like many other mental health conditions, could get worse.

Also Read: Antisocial Personality Disorder : Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Complications Of Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia may severely limit your capacity for daily tasks. Your inability to leave your home can be caused by a severe case of agoraphobia. If they don't get counseling, some people end up living alone for years. If this happens to you, you might not be able to talk to loved ones, go to work or school, do errands, or participate in other typical daily activities. There's a chance that you'll start to depend on others.

The effects of agoraphobia include:

• Depression.
• Drinking too much or abusing drugs.
• Acts and thoughts of suicide.

Also Read: Illness Anxiety Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Download the PrepLadder App and get the best neet pg online coaching with world-class video lectures, QBank, Mock Tests and more!

Download PrepLadder's best app for neet pg preparation for Android 

Download PrepLadder's best app for neet pg preparation for ios