Comprehensive Guide Of Cardiac Pacemakers

Cardiac pacemakers are implanted medical devices used to control arrhythmias and invigorate the myocardium to contract. This comprehensive guide would guide you through what sometimes a pacemaker is, how this works, the different types, and the care after the operation.

What Is A Cardiac Pacemaker? 

Cardiac pacemakers are devices that apply electrical stimulation directly through the heart to obviously stimulate the myocardium from depolarization to mechanical contraction. They’re used to cure dysrhythmias by guaranteeing the heart rhythm as appropriate.

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Heart Rate And The Contribution Of A Pacemaker

During normal heart rhythms, impulses come from the SA node (sinoatrial node), which is known to be the heart’s natural pacemaker. These impulses travel through the atria and AV (atrial ventricular) node, then into the His bundle and through the Purkinje fibers, causing ventricular depolarization and subsequent contraction

If the natural pacemaker or electrical circuit malfunctions, the pacemaker can become involved.

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Properties Of A Pacemaker

1. Pulse Generator: Acts as a power source or battery, which contains the circuitry that controls the operation of the pacemaker and sends impulses to the heart.

2. Copper: the wires connecting the pulse generator attach to the heart, provide electricity, and sense depolarization of the heart.

Copper Types

• Monopolar: The heart has an electrode and a cathode or active lead, which may tend to pick up other heart signals.
• Bipolar: inserts two electrodes into the heart and is less susceptible to external noise, producing a sharper signal.

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Various Pacing Modes

• Asynchronous fixed rate: The heart beats at a fixed rate that continues regardless of its internal rhythm.
• Synchronous (demand) pacing: paces the heart only when necessary, based on endogenous cardiac activity.
• Single or dual chamber sequential pacing: The pacemaker can pace one or both chambers of the heart to improve coordination and cardiac efficiency.

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Single Chamber System

Dual Chamber Pacing

Indications For Pacemaker Use

Pacemakers are indicated for:  SA Nodal Dysfunction: Conditions such as ill sinus syndrome, sinus bradycardia, or sinus congestion. •AV block: Primary, secondary, and tertiary AV block may benefit from pacemaker implantation. Bifascicular/trifascicular block: Right package deal branches with left anterior or left posterior fascicular block.

Follow-up Care

Pacemaker comply with-up consists of ensuring the tool operates effectively, optimizing its feature, and detecting ability troubles. Follow-up is usually scheduled right now after implantation, 7 days later, after which at intervals of one, three, and six months, observed by means of once each 6-three hundred and sixty five days.

Also Read: Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, Repolarization Abnormality and Genetic Arrhythmia Syndrome 

Complications And Management

Pacemakers can pose positive dangers including lead-associated headaches (thrombosis, embolization), pulse generator troubles (infections, migration), and affected person-associated issues (Twiddler syndrome). Careful management at some stage in surgeries, specifically while electrocautery is concerned, is essential to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Conclusion

Pacemakers are life-saving gadgets for lots patients with coronary heart rhythm disturbances. Proper care and tracking can make sure safe management for surgeries and non-surgical methods. Thorough preoperative making plans, patient monitoring, and appropriate follow-up care make a contribution to successful consequences.

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Medicine Cardiovascular Preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.