ChatGPT vs. GPT-4: Understanding the Differences and Implications

Context

Recently, AI powerhouse OpenAI announced GPT-4, the next big update to the technology that powers ChatGPT and Microsoft Bing, the search engine using the tech.

Probable Question

How is GPT-4 revolutionizing the future of natural language processing? (150 words, 10 marks)

About GPT-4

• GPT-4 is a large multimodal model created by OpenAI in 2023. 
• Process image: Multimodal models can encompass more than just text i.e. they can accept images as input. Meanwhile, GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 only operated in one modality, text, meaning users could only ask questions by typing them out.
• Human-level performance: Aside from the fresh ability to process images, OpenAI says that GPT-4 also “exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks.”
• Greater accuracy: The language model can pass a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers and can solve difficult problems with greater accuracy thanks to its broader general knowledge and problem-solving abilities.
  • For example, it can “answer tax-related questions, schedule a meeting among three busy people, or learn a user’s creative writing style.”
• Greater capability: GPT-4 is also capable of handling over 25,000 words of text, opening up a greater number of use cases that now also include long-form content creation, document search and analysis, and extended conversations.

About ChatGPT

• OpenAI has created ChatGPT, a start-up focused on artificial intelligence and its potential use cases. 
• According to OpenAI’s description, ChatGPT can answer “follow-up questions”, and can also “admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.” 
• It is based on the company’s GPT 3.5 series of language learning models (LLM). 
• Significance of ChatGPT: The model is trained to predict what will come next, and that’s why one can technically have a ‘conversation’ with ChatGPT. The chatbot was also trained using “Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF).”
• Usage of Chat GPT: Currently, it is open in beta to all users. One can go to the OpenAI website and sign up to try out ChatGPT. However, you must create an account with OpenAI to access this service. 
• Deal illegal requests: Interestingly, ChatGPT has been trained to decline ‘inappropriate’ requests, presumably those which are ‘illegal’ in nature. 
• Limitation of ChatGPT: It may generate incorrect information, and create “biased content.” More importantly, the chatbot’s knowledge of the world and events after 2021 is limited. GPT-3.5-powered ChatGPT only accepts text inputs, and GPT-4 can also use images to generate captions and analyses.

Also read: Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Judicial Processes- UPSC Current Affairs

Difference in GPT-4 and GPT-3

GPT-4 can "see" images now

• GPT-4’s multimodal, allows it to understand more than one modality of information. 
• GPT-3 and ChatGPT’s GPT-3.5 were limited to textual input and output, meaning they could only read and write. 
• GPT-4 is a lot more advanced in that it understands an image and analyzes it. 

GPT-4 is harder to trick

• One of the biggest drawbacks of generative models like ChatGPT and Bing is their propensity to occasionally go off the rails, generating prompts that raise eyebrows, or worse, downright alarm people. 
• They can also get facts mixed up and produce misinformation.
• The 6 months of training of GPT-4, resulted in the “best-ever results on factuality, steerability, and refusing to go outside of guardrails.

GPT-4 can process a lot more information at once 

• Large Language Models (LLMs) may have been trained on billions of parameters, which means countless amounts of data, but there are limits to how much information they can process in a conversation. 
• ChatGPT’s GPT-3.5 model could handle 4,096 tokens or around 8,000 words but GPT-4 pumps those numbers up to 32,768 tokens or around 64,000 words.
• GPT-4 can maintain its integrity over way lengthier conversations. It can also process lengthy documents and generate long-form content, something that was a lot more limited on GPT-3.5.

GPT-4 has improved accuracy

• OpenAI admits that GPT-4 has similar limitations as previous versions, it’s still not fully reliable and makes reasoning errors. 
• However, “GPT-4 significantly reduces hallucinations relative to previous models” and scores 40% higher than GPT-3.5 on factuality evaluations. 
• It will be a lot harder to trick GPT-4 into producing undesirable outputs such as hate speech and misinformation.

GPT-4 performs better in non-English language comprehension 

• Machine learning data is mostly in English, as is most of the information on the internet today, so training LLMs in other languages can be challenging.
• But GPT-4 is more multilingual and OpenAI has demonstrated that it outperforms GPT-3.5 and other LLMs by accurately answering thousands of multiple-choice across 26 languages. 
• It obviously handles English best with an 85.5% accuracy, but Indian languages like Telugu aren’t too far behind either, at 71.4%. 

News Source: The Indian Express

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/gpt-4-new-different-chatgpt-openai-bing-explained-8500024/

Also read: Govt’s Bhashini initiative to use AI for Beneficiaries of Welfare Schemes | PrepLadder

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