Last 5 Years PYQs in Anatomy for INI-CET

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Q.1 Medial lemniscus is a continuation of which of the following structures?

1. Spinothalamic tract
2. Spinocerebellar tract
3. Spinotectal tract
4. Fasciculus gracilis

Correct Answer 4 - Fasciculus gracilis

• The medial lemniscus is a continuation of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus, which are part of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. This pathway carries sensory information related to fine touch, vibration, and proprioception from the lower body (fasciculus gracilis) and upper body (fasciculus cuneatus) to the brain.
• The fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus are composed of ascending sensory fibers that originate from the dorsal root ganglia in the spinal cord.

Q2. Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle occurs at which level?

1. Pons
2. Midbrain
3. Diencephalon
4. Medulla

Correct Answer 2 - Midbrain

• The superior cerebellar peduncle, also known as the brachium conjunctivum, is one of the three major fiber tracts that connect the cerebellum with the rest of the brain. It is located on the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.
• The decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle refers to the crossing over of its fibers from one side of the brainstem to the other. This decussation occurs at the level of the midbrain, specifically in the region called the upper midbrain tegmentum.

Q3.All of the following are the contents of the carotid sheath except?

1. Sympathetic chain
2. Carotid artery
3. Internal jugular vein
4. 10^th cranial nerve

 Correct Answer 1 - Sympathetic chain:

• The carotid sheath is a fibrous connective tissue structure located in the neck. It contains several important structures, including the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and 10th cranial nerve (vagus nerve).
• Sympathetic chain: The sympathetic chain, also known as the sympathetic trunk or sympathetic ganglia, is not a content of the carotid sheath. The sympathetic chain runs alongside the vertebral column and is responsible for carrying sympathetic nerve fibers.

Q4. What structure develops from the region labeled as "A" in the model of embryological heart development?

1. Atria
2. Left ventricle
3. Infundibulum
4. Interventricular septum

​Correct Answer 3 - Infundibulum

• In the embryological development of the heart, the area marked as "A" corresponds to the outflow tract of the developing heart. This outflow tract gives rise to several structures, including the infundibulum. The infundibulum is a conical structure located at the outflow of the right ventricle. It connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and directs blood flow from the heart to the lungs.

Q5. Which of the following branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

1. Superior gluteal artery
2. Inferior gluteal artery
3. Superior vesical artery
4. Middle rectal artery
5. Inferior vesical artery
6. Vaginal artery

1. 1,2,3,5
2. 2,3,4,6
3. 2,3,4,5,6
4. 1,4,5,6

Correct Answer 3 - (2,3,4,5,6)

This option includes all the correct branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.

The inferior gluteal artery (2), superior vesical artery (3), middle rectal artery (4), inferior vesical artery (5), and vaginal artery (6) are all branches of the anterior division.

​Q.6. At which level does the nerve supply for the marked structure arise?

1. Red nucleus
2. Sub thalamic nuclei
3. Decussation of pyramidal tract
4. Olivary nucleus

​Correct Answer 1 - Red nucleus:

• The marked structure is the medial rectus muscle.
• The nerve supply for the medial rectus muscle arises from the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III).
• The cell bodies of the motor fibers supplying the medial rectus muscle are located in the oculomotor nucleus, which is situated in the midbrain close to the red nucleus.

Q7. A 25 year old male presented with symptoms of inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the 4^th and 5^th digits. He was also not able to hold a piece of paper between his fingers. What is the likely site of injury?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

​Correct Answer 3 - C

• Based on the symptoms described, the likely site of injury in this case is the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
• The flexor muscles responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joint of the 4th and 5th digits and providing grip strength are primarily innervated by the ulnar nerve.
• The ulnar nerve courses through the medial side of the elbow, passing near or over the medial epicondyle.

​

Q8. A young child with absent thymus is brought to the OPD with features of hypoparathyroidism and tetany. Which of the following marked area in the picture is defective in this condition?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Correct Option 3 - 3

• In this condition, where a young child presents with absent thymus, hypoparathyroidism, and tetany, the defect is likely associated with the third pharyngeal pouch and the syndrome is named DiGeorge syndrome.
• The third pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the thymus and the inferior parathyroid glands.

Q9.Arrange in sequence the structures involved in the direct pathway of the basal ganglia:-

1. Striatum
2. Globus pallidus
3. Substantia nigra
4. Thalamus
5. Cortex

1. 1,2,3,4,5
2. 5,4,2,31
3. 5,1,2,3,4
4. 1,3,4,2,5

​Correct Answer 3 - 5,1,2,3,4:

• The correct sequence of structures involved in the direct pathway of the basal ganglia is as follows: Cortex → Striatum → Globus pallidus → Substantia nigra → Thalamus

Q10. What is the volume of the prostate in healthy adult males?

1. 20cc
2. 50cc
3. 75cc
4. 100cc

Correct Answer 1 - 20 cc

• The normal volume of the prostate in adult males typically ranges between 15 to 30 cubic centimeters (cc), with an average volume of around 20cc.
• This measure, however, can be influenced by various factors, including age, hormonal status, and overall health.

Q11. What is the ligament that links the medial cuneiform bone to the base of the second metatarsal bone?

1. Chopart
2. Spring
3. Lisfranc
4. Deltoid

Correct Answer 3 - Lisfranc:

• The Lisfranc ligament is the specific ligament that connects the medial cuneiform to the base of the 2nd metatarsal. It is located in the midfoot region and provides significant stability to the foot's arch.
• It passes from the lateral surface of the medial cuneiform to the adjacent angle of the second metatarsal bone.
• This ligament bears the name of Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin, a French surgeon who first described this anatomical structure.
• Injuries to the Lisfranc ligament can lead to instability and often require surgical repair.

Q12. Which of the following muscles is involved in smiling and grimacing?

1. Lateral rectus
2. Superior oblique
3. Risorius
4. Levator palpebrae superioris

Correct Answer 3 - Risorius:

• The risorius muscle is innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
• It is a slender muscle of facial expression found in the face's cheek area.
• It is involved in the actions of smiling and grimacing by pulling the corners of the mouth to the sides.

Q13. Which nerve supplies the Gluteus maximus?

1. Femoral nerve
2. Inferior gluteal nerve
3. Obturator nerve
4. Superior gluteal nerve

Correct Answer 2 - Inferior Gluteal Nerve

• The inferior gluteal nerve (from the sacral plexus, specifically from L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots) primarily innervates the gluteus maximus muscle.
• It arises from the posterior division of the sacral plexus and passes through the greater sciatic foramen to reach the gluteal region.
• This nerve provides motor innervation to the gluteus maximus, which is the largest muscle in the buttocks and plays a significant role in movements such as hip extension and external rotation.

Q14. On what is the SRY gene located?

1. Y chromosome short arm
2. Y chromosome long arm
3. X chromosome short arm
4. X chromosome long arm

Correct Answer A - Y chromosome short arm 

• The SRY gene (Sex determining region on the Y chromosome) is a gene present on the short arm of the Y chromosome.
• Responsible for transcription of SRY protein
• SRY protein causes the differentiation of male sex organs and Primary germ cells (PGCs) into Spermatogonia.

Q15.  What is the action of the muscle shown in the image below?​

1. Retracts the scapula
2. Adduction of the shoulder
3. Extension of the shoulder
4. Medial rotation of the shoulder

Correct Answer 1 - Retracts the scapula:

The muscle identified in the image is the rhomboid major. Originating from the C7 and T1 vertebrae, it inserts along the medial border of the scapula. Primarily functioning as a retractor, the rhomboid major also plays roles in elevating the scapula and rotating it to depress the glenoid cavity.

Q16. Match the following:

A) Glossopharyngeal nerve	1) Shrugging of shoulder
B) Spinal accessory nerve	2) Touch sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue
C) Facial nerve	3) Chewing
D) Mandibular nerve	4) Taste from the anterior two third of the tongue

1. A-2 , B-1 , C-4 , D-3
2. A-2 , B-3 , C-4 , D-1
3. A-4 , B-1 , C-2 , D-3
4. A-3 , B-1 , C-4 , D-2

Correct Answer 1 - A-2 , B-1 , C-4 , D-3

A) Glossopharyngeal nerve	2) Touch sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue
B) Spinal accessory nerve	1) Shrugging of shoulder
C) Facial nerve	4) Taste from the anterior two third of the tongue
D) Mandibular nerve	3) Chewing

Q17. A patient presents with abnormal sensations in the little finger and part of the ring finger with weakness of the hand. Also, there is a loss of coordination in the fingers. What Is the nerve-injured in the given scenario?

1. Ulnar nerve
2. Radial nerve
3. Median nerve
4. Axillary nerve

Correct Answer A - Ulnar nerve: 

• The ulnar nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the hand except the thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals and is responsible for the sensations of the medial 1 ½ fingers of the hand.
• Hence abnormal sensations in the little finger and part of the ring finger with weakness on the palm side would be due to the ulnar nerve injury.

Q18. Arrange lung hilar structures from anterior to posterior:-

1. Primary bronchus
2. Bronchial artery
3. Pulmonary vein
4. Pulmonary artery

1. 1,2,3,4
2. 2,3,4,1
3. 3,4,1,2
4. 4,3,2,1

 Correct Answer 3 - 3, 4, 1, 2:

Arrangement of lung hilar structures from anterior to posterior:

Pulmonary veins > Pulmonary artery > Primary bronchus > Bronchial arteries

Q19. The para-sagittal section of the abdomen is given below. What is the superior border of the marked structure?

1. Caudate lobe of liver
2. Duodenum
3. Lesser omentum
4. Inferior vena cava

Correct Answer 1 - Caudate lobe of liver

In the para-sagittal abdomen section, the caudate lobe of the liver forms the superior border of the foramen of Winslow. This foramen, positioned behind the lesser omentum's free edge and in front of the inferior vena cava, serves as a passage between the lesser sac and the greater peritoneal cavity. 

Q20. A muscle is attached to the area marked in the given Image. What is the action of this muscle on the hip joint?

1. Flexion and medial rotation
2. Adduction and lateral rotation
3. Abduction and medial rotation
4. Extension and lateral rotation

​Correct Answer 4 - Extension and lateral rotation

• The muscle attached to the area marked in the given image is the gluteus maximus. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the gluteal region and is primarily responsible for extending the hip joint, which means it helps to move the thigh backward. This action is commonly referred to as hip extension.
• Additionally, the gluteus maximus also assists in lateral rotation of the hip joint. Lateral rotation refers to the outward rotation of the thigh away from the midline of the body.

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