Rosacea: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk factors and Treatment - Dermatology

Rosacea

Rosacea, is a common skin condition that causes visible blood vessels and a flushed appearance on the face. It might also cause microscopic, pus-filled pimples. Before momentarily abating, these symptoms and indicators may fluctuate over several weeks or months. Rosacea can be mistaken for ruddiness that develops spontaneously, other skin problems, or acne. 

It is also known as Acne rosacea. It is a misnomer and is not related to Acne. In Rosacea, inflammation and vascular hyperactivity is seen, Flushing is seen when exposed to heat or spicy foods or when felt anxious or stressed. It is Predominantly seen in adults. Affected areas are conventions of face like Cheeks, Nose and Chin.

Read this blog further to get a quick overview of this important topic for dermatology and ace your NEET PG exam preparation.

Types of Rosacea:

There are 4 subtypes of Rosacea:

• Subtype 1-Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETTR)

Erythema and telangiectasia (Dilated blood vessels) is seen

• Subtype 2- Papulopustular rosacea (PPR)

  Papules and pustules are seen. In this no comedones are seen, Instead, telangiectasia is observed

• Subtype 3- Phymatous rosacea (PR).

 Granulomatous lesion is seen on the nose. It is Also called potato nose

• Subtype 4- Ocular rosacea

 Only ocular changes are seen. Skin changes are absent.

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Causes of Rosacea

Below we have listed some common causes of Rosacea:

• Due to innate immunity
• Exposure to UV light
• Stress
• Hot spicy food
• Organisms include- Demodex, Staphylococcus epidermidis,Chlamydophila pneumonia

Signs of Rosacea

Some of the common signs of Rosacea includes:

• Flushing on face
• Pimple bumping 
• Persistent redness
• Blood vessels become visible

Risk Factors for Rosacea

Rosacea can affect everyone. But if any of the following apply to you:

• Most commonly women are affected.
• If a person is Having sun-sensitive skin 
• People older than 30 years of age
• Smokers
• Hereditary 

Diagnosis of Rosacea

The doctor will thoroughly examine your signs and symptoms and obtain a medical history in order to determine whether you have rosacea. You should discuss any skin issues you are having with your doctor during your examination, such as redness, lumps or pimples, burning, itching, etc. There is no particular test to identify rosacea. Your doctor might advise you to see a dermatologist, who focuses on diseases of the skin.

Treatment

• Avoiding triggering factors 
• For Subtype 1- Vasoconstrictors like Topical brimonidine and Oral propranolol
• For Subtype 2- Topical Metronidazole, Topical Ivermectin and Antibiotics like Doxycycline and Erythromycin
• For Subtype 3- Additionally, Retinoids can be given and Surgical/Laser corrections are done if necessary

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