Nov 02, 2019
Pharmacology expert, Dr. Gobind Rai Garg has come up with a comprehensive list of new drugs approved in 2019. The table includes the name of the drug, mechanism, route, and indication.
This list will prove helpful to you for the upcoming competitive exams.
Drug | Mechanism | Route | Indication |
Afamelanotide | Melanocortin 1 receptor agonist | Subcutaneous | Phototoxicity in patients with erythropoieticprotoporphyria |
Alpelisib | PI3 kinase inhibitor | Oral | Breast cancer |
Amifampridine | K channel blocker | Oral | Lambert Eaton Myasthenic syndrome |
Andexanet alpha | Bind to Factor Xa inhibitors | Intravenous | To reverse overdose of rivaroxaban and apixaban |
Apalutamide Darolutamide | Androgen receptor antagonist | Oral | Prostate carcinoma |
Apremilast | PDE-4 inhibitor | Oral | Oral ulcers associated with Behcet disease |
Atezolizumab | MAb against PDL-1 | IV | Extensive stage-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
Avatrombopag Lusutrombopag | Thrombopoietin receptor agonist | Oral | Thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease |
Avelumab + Axitinib | Avelumab: Anti-PDL-1 Axitinib: anti-VEGF kinase | Avelumab: IV Axitinib: Oral | Renal cell carcinoma |
Baloxavirmarboxil | Inhibit viral replication by inhibiting Cap-dependent endonuclease activity of viral polymerase | Oral | Single dose treatment of Acute uncomplicated influenza |
Baricitinib | Janus Kinase inhibitor | Oral | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Bictegravir | Integrase inhibitor | Oral | HIV |
Binimetinib | MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Oral | BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive malignant melanoma |
Bremelanotide | Melanocortin receptor agonist | subcutaneous | Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in females |
Brexanolone | GABA-A modulator | Intravenous | Post partum depression |
Brolucizumab | VEGF inhibitor | Intravitreal | Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration |
Burosumab | Monoclonal antibody against FGF-23 | Subcutaneous | X-linked hypophosphatemia |
Calaspargasepegol | Asparagine specific enzyme | Intravenous | Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
Cannabidiol | Unknown | Oral | Lennox Gastaut syndrome Dravet Syndrome |
Caplacizumab | vWF-directed antibody fragment | IV/SC | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
Cemiplimab | Monoclonal antibody against Programmed Death receptor (PD-1) | Intravenous | Squamous cell carcinoma of skin |
Cenegermin | Recombinant human nerve growth factor | Eye drops | Neurotrophic keratitis |
Dacomitinib | EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Oral | Non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations |
Diroximelfumarate | Forms monomethylfumarate | Oral | Multiple sclerosis |
Doravirine | Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor | Oral | HIV |
Dupilumab | MAb against IL-4R alpha. It stops signaling of IL-4 and IL-13 | SC | Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis |
Duvelisib
| Inhibitor of PI-3 kinase gamma and delta | Oral | Small lymphocytic lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Chronic lymphoid leukemia |
Elagolix
| GnRH antagonist | Oral | Pain associated with endometriosis |
Elapegademase | Recombinant Adenosine deaminase enzyme | Intramuscular | Adenosine Deaminase-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency |
Emapalumab | Monoclonal antibody against IFN-gamma | Intravenous | Primary hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis |
Encorafenib
| BRAF-Kinase Inhibitor | Oral | BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive malignant melanoma |
Entrectinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ROS-1 and NTRK | Oral | ROS-1 positive Non smallcell lung cancer and NRTK positive solid tumors |
Eravacycline
| Inhibit protein synthesis like other tetracyclines | Intravenous | Complicated intra-abdominal infections |
Erdafitinib | FGFR Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Oral | Urothelial carcinoma |
Erenumab Fremanezumab Galcanezumab | Monoclonal antibody against CGRP | SC | Migraine prophylaxis |
Esketamine | Non-competitive NMDA antagonist | Intranasal | Treatment resistant depression |
Fedratinib | JAK-2 Inhibitor | Oral | Myelofibrosis |
Fostamatinib disodium hexahydrate | Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Oral | ITP |
Gilteritinib | FLT3 kinase inhibitor | Oral | Acute myeloid leukemia |
Glasdegib | Hedgehog pathway inhibitor | Oral | Acute myeloid leukemia |
Ibalizumab | MAb against CD4 | IV | HIV |
Inotersen | Antisense oligonucleotide against transthyretin mRNA | Subcutaneous | Polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis |
Istradefylline | Adenosine A2 receptor antagonist | Oral | Off episode in Parkinsonism |
Ivosidenib
| Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) inhibitor | Oral | Acute myeloid leukemia with IDH2 mutation |
Ixekizumab | MAb against IL-17a | Subcutaneous | Ankylosing Spondylitis |
Lanadelumab
| Monoclonal antibody against plasma kallikrein | Subcutaneous | Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema |
Larotrectinib | NTRK kinase inhibitor | Oral | Solid tumors with NTRK mutation |
Lasmiditan | 5HT1F agonist | Oral | Acute severe migraine |
Lefamulin | Inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria | IV and oral | Community acquired bacterial pneumonia |
Lenvatinib | VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Oral | Endometrial carcinoma (with pembrolizumab) |
Lofexidine | Alpha 2 agonist | Oral | To decrease opioid withdrawal symptoms |
Lorlatinib | ALK kinase inhibitor | Oral | Non small cell carcinoma of lung |
Lutetium lu 177 dotatate
| Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy | Intravenous | Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors |
Megalastat
| Pharmacological chaperone for Alpha galactosidase | Oral | Fabry’s disease |
Mogamulizumab
| Monoclonal antibody against CCR-4 | Intravenous | Mycosis fungoides Sezary syndrome |
Moxetumomabpasudutox
| Monoclonal antibody against CD22 conjugated with Pseudomonas exotoxin | Intravenous | Hairy cell leukemia |
Moxidectin
| Bind to Glutamate and GABA chloride channels | Oral | Onchocerciasis |
Netarsudil + Latanoprost | Netarsudil: Rho kinase inhibitor Latanoprost: PGF2 apha | Topical | Open angle glaucoma |
Nintedanib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of PDGFR, VEGFR, FGF, FLT-3 | Oral | To slow decline in pulmonary function in systemic sclerosis associated with Intersitial lung disease |
Omadacycline
| Inhibit protein synthesis like other tetracyclines | Oral Intravenous | Community acquired bacterial pneumonia Acute skin and skin structure infections |
Onasemnogeneabeparvovec | AAV vector based gene therapy to transfer SMN gene | Intravenous | Spinal muscular atrophy |
Patisiran
| Small Interfering RNA based therapy against mutant transthyretin | Intravenous | Polyneuropathy in patients with transthyretin mediated amyloidosis |
Pegvaliase | Substitute of Phenylalanine hydroxylase | SC | Phenylketonuria |
Pembrolizumab | MAb against PD-1 | IV | Endometrial carcinoma (with lenvatinib) Esophageal cancer Small cell lung cancer Non small cell lung cancer Renal cell carcinoma |
Pexidartinib | TK inhibitor of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor | Oral | Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor |
Pitolisant | H3 antagonist/inverse agonist | Oral | Narcolepsy |
Plazomicin
| Inhibit protein synthesis like other aminoglycosides | Intravenous | Complicated UTI |
Polatuzumabvedotin | MAb against C79b component of B cell receptor | Intravenous | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma |
Prabotulinum toxin-A | Inhibit release of ACh | Intramuscular | Temporary improvement of glabellar lines |
Pretomanid | Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis | Oral | For XDR and MDR TB (in combination with bedaquiline and linezolide) |
Prucalopride | 5HT4 agonist | Oral | Chronic Idiopathic Constipation |
Ramucirumab | VEGF antagonist | Intravenous | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Ravulizumab | C5 Complement inhibitor | Intravenous | Paroxysomal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
Relebactam | Beta lactamase inhibitor | Intravenous | In combination with imipenem and cilastatin for intraabdominal infections and UTI |
Revefenacin | Anticholinergic | Inhalational | COPD |
Rifamycin | Inhibit beta subunit of RNA polymerase | Oral | Traveller’s diarrhea |
Rimabotulinumtoxin B | Inhibits release of acetylcholine | Injected in salivary glands | Chronic siallorhea |
Risankizumab | MAb against IL-23 | Subcutaneous | Plaque psoriasis |
Romosozumab | MAb against sclerostin | Subcutaneous | Post-menopausal osteoporosis |
Ruxolitinib | JAK-1 and JAK-2 inhibitor | Oral | Steroid resistant acute graft vs host disease |
Sarecycline
| Inhibit protein synthesis like other tetracyclines | Oral | Inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne |
Segesterone + ethinyl estradiol | Inhibit ovulation | Vaginal ring | Contraception (once yearly) |
Selinexor | Selective inhibitor of nuclear export | Oral | Multiple myeloma Diffuse large B cell lymphoma |
Semaglutide | GLP-1 agonist | Oral | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
Siponimod | Sphingosine-1 phsophate receptor modulator | Oral | Multiple sclerosis |
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate | Binds to K and increase fecal excretion | oral | Hyperkalemia |
Solriamfetol | DA and NA reuptake inhibitor | Oral | For excessive day time sleepiness in Obstructive sleep apnea and Narcolepsy |
Stiripentol
| Increases GABAergic activity | Oral | Dravet Syndrome |
Tafamidismeglumine | Act as chaperone to stabilize TTR protein | Oral | To prevent cardiomyopathy in TTR amyloidosis |
Tafenoquine | Free radical mediated killing of hypnozooites | Oral | Single dose radical cure of P. vivax malaria |
Tagraxofusp | Anti-CD-123 | Intravenous | BlasticPlasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm |
Talazoparib | PARP inhibitor | Oral | breast cancer with a germline BRCA mutation |
Tecovirimat
| Inhibit formation of extracellular viral forms | Oral | Small pox |
Tenapanor | NHE-3 inhibitor | Oral | IBS with constipation |
Tildrakizumab | MAb against IL-23 | SC | Plaque Psoriasis |
Tizacaftor + ivacaftor | CFTR stimulator and potentiator | Oral | Cystic fibrosis |
Tolvaptan | Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist | Oral | To slow kidney function decline in adult polycystic kidney disease |
Trifarotene | Retinoic acid receptor agonist | Topical | Acne vulgaris |
Upadacitinib | JAK inhibitor | Oral | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Venetoclax + Obinutuzumab | Venetoclax: BCL-2 inhibitor Obinutuzumab: Binds to CD-20 on B cells | Venetoclax: Oral Obintuzumab: IV | Chronic lymphoid leukemia Small lymphocytic leukemia |
Good Luck!
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