Adult Still Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Adult still disease is an unusual form of inflammatory arthritis. Common symptoms include rashes, joint pain, and frequency. Some people will only have a single, brief bout of the illness. Some patients have an illness that either never goes away or gets better only to return.

Damage to joints, especially the wrists, can result from adult still disease. Medication is used as part of treatment to lessen discomfort and aid with disease control. When ibuprofen and other over-the-counter pain medications are insufficient, prednisone is frequently utilized.

Causes Of Adult Still Disease

It is unclear what causes adult still diseases. According to some researchers ' theories, a bacterial or viral infection may be the source.

Symptoms Of Adult Still Disease

A combination of the following symptoms is seen in most adults with still disease:

• High temperature: An illness known as fever can reach at least 102 degrees Fahrenheit (38.9 degrees Celsius). Temperature increases may occur once or twice a day for a week or longer.
• Rash Fever may be accompanied by an erratic rash. The trunk, arms, or legs are typically impacted.
• Painful throat: This is one of the initial symptoms of adult Still disease. There may be discomfort and swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck.
• Swelling and painful joints In the wrists and knees in particular, joints can become painful, swollen, and rigid. It can also cause pain in the hands, ankles, elbows, and shoulders. For at least two weeks, the joint pain usually lasts.
• Muscle pains: Muscle discomfort typically varies with temperature. The discomfort may be so severe that it interferes with daily tasks.
• Individual differences exist in the symptoms of the illness: They may mimic those of other diseases like lupus, lymphoma, or a type of cancer.

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Risk Factors Of Adult Still Disease

The main contributing factor to adult Still disease risk is age. The most common age groups for adults to encounter it are those between 15 and 25 and 36 and 46. Equal vulnerability affects both sexes.

Diagnosis Of Adult Still Disease

A single test is still unable to identify the condition. Imaging investigations can demonstrate the damage caused by the illness. Blood testing can help rule out other conditions that have similar symptoms but don't present with them.

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Treatment Of Adult Still Disease

A variety of drugs are used to treat adult cases of Still disease. The sort of medication prescribed depends on the severity of the symptoms and possible side effects.

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium may be useful for mild joint discomfort and inflammation. Stronger NSAIDs are available with prescriptions. Because NSAIDs have the potential to damage the liver's hormones, regular blood tests may be necessary to evaluate liver function. Adult patients with Still disease frequently require the use of steroids, such as prednisone, in their Steriods These powerful drugs reduce inflammation. They may also impair the body's ability to fight off infections and increase the risk of diabetes and osteoporosis.
• Methotrexine: Methotrexate and prednisone are often taken together. When prednisone and methotrexate are combined, the former's dosage is lowered.
• Biologic response modifiers: If other medications haven't worked, your healthcare provider may recommend a biologic response modifier. Biologic response modifiers are medications that function by preventing the proteins that trigger inflammation. Oftentimes, these drugs are referred to as biologics. Biologics such as tocilizumab, canakinumab, and anakinra are used to treat adult still disease. Additional biologics like rituximab, adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept may be beneficial in treating adult still disease.

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Complications Of Adult Still Disease

 The organs and joints continue to swell with disease. Most of the effects of the illness are brought on by this inflammation.

• Damage carried out in coordination: The joints may suffer from the edema and chronic inflammation associated with adult Still disease. The joints most commonly afflicted are the wrists and knees. Other joints, like the fingers, hips, feet, and neck, can also hurt occasionally.
• Inflammation of the heart: Adult still disease can cause inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. The result of this is pericarditis or inflammation of the pericardium. The disease may cause inflammation of the myocardium or the heart's muscle section. This causes myocarditis or inflammation of the heart.
• Excess fluid surrounding the lungs: Inflammation may be the cause of fluid buildup around the lungs. When this happens, deep breathing can be difficult.
• The macrophage activation syndrome: This is a rare but serious adult result of still illness. It happens when the immune system overreacts, potentially harming the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and other important organs.

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