Important Pathology Questions on Cell Injury – MCQs & Key Concepts

There is no denying that mastering Pathology is of the utmost importance, especially for NEET PG aspirants. And, if we talk about high-yield topics, cell-injury and its underlying mechanisms take the cake in this domain. If you wish to excel in exams, you need to intricately understand the nuances of these concepts.

In this blog, we have compiled some of the most important questions focused on cell injury, along with key concepts and explanations.

All the questions mentioned below reflect frequently tested areas and provide insights into the topics required to ace NEET PG and other competitive exams.

Whether you’re repairing for the exam, or just testing your knowledge, this blog promises to solidify your understanding and sharpen your skills to ace the exam.

Previous Year Questions 

Q. What is the first change in the cell injury?

Ans. Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Q. Which is the first morphological change in the cell injury?

Ans. The cellular swelling or hydropic change.

Q. What is the composition of Myelin Figures?

Ans. Primarily made up of phospholipids and a minor presence of calcium.

Q. What is the composition of amorphous flocculent densities?

Ans. Calcium

Q. The injury with which the amorphous densities are associated?

Ans. Irreversible Cell Injury

Also read: Plasma Cell Dyscrasia & Flow Cytometry in Hematology

Q. The three stages of nuclear change in the cell injury?

Ans. Pyknosis, Karyorrhexis and Karyolysis

Q. What is the most common type of necrosis?

Ans. Coagulative Necrosis

Q. Which are the most common organs affected by coagulative necrosis?

Ans. Heart

Q. Which necrosis happens inside the pancreas?

Ans. Liquefactive Necrosis

Q. Which necrosis happens around the pancreas?

Ans. Fat Necrosis

Q. Zenker's degeneration can be seen in which skeletal muscles?

Ans. Rectus Abdominis and Diaphragmatic Muscle

Also read: Important MCQs on National Health Programs

MCQs 

Q. Myelin figures derived from?

1. Cytoplasm
2. Nucleus
3. Cell Membrane
4. Ribosomes

Q. A 61-YEAR-OLD female patient presents with left-sided chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. The patient explains that the pain has increased severely over the past 40 minutes. She is immediately rushed to the hospital. Cardiac enzymes are elevated. The patient was admitted and started on thrombolytic therapy. However, on the fifth day of observation, she suddenly collapses and dies. Which of the following necrosis are you most likely to find in this patient's heart?

1. Liquefactive Necrosis
2. Coagulative Necrosis
3. Fat Necrosis
4. Fibrinoid Necrosis

Q. A 45-year-old female patient complained of being hit in the chest by a football while passing by a garden 4 weeks ago. Initially, her left breast was tender and swollen. But over the weeks, the tenderness has subsided. However, she now notices a lump in the peri-areolar region, which is firm to hard in consistency. Radiological investigations reveal calcific deposits. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon above?

1. Liquefactive necrosis
2. Coagulative necrosis
3. Fat necrosis
4. Fibrinoid necrosis

Also read: Constipation Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Options

Q1. Choose the incorrect statement about Necroptosis

1. Is it caspase-independent cell death
2. RIP 1&3 is formed
3. Caspase 8 is required
4. Growth plate formation follows necroptosis

Q2. Choose the incorrect statement about pyroptosis

1. Seen in response to shigella
2. TLR is used
3. Caspase 1 is required
4. IL1 activated

Q. All are true for metaplasia except?

1. Slow growth
2. Reversible with treatment
3. Irreversible
4. Can be precarious

Q. What is the histopathological difference between Barrett's epithelium and gastric mucosa?

1. Barrett's mucosa is acidic and stains alcian blue positive
2. Barrett's is alkaline and stains Prussian blue positive
3. Barrett's alcian blue is negative because it's neutral
4. Gastric mucosa is alkaline and stains alcian blue positive

Q. A 47-year-old man visits an outpatient clinic with complaints of heartburn and chest pain for the past 6 months. His pain is retrosternal and was initially only associated with intake of solid foods, but it now occurs with liquid as well. Antacids don't relieve his pain anymore. He is worried about the pain as it is getting worse. Physical examination, including abdominal examination, is normal. He has lost 2.7 kg(6 lbs).

Laboratory investigation reveals: Hgb - 10 gm, Platelet count - 168 * 10.9/ L. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy reveals an exophytic mass in the lower third of the esophagus. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in the patient?

1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2. Leiomyoma
3. Gastric Ulcers
4. Adenocarcinoma

Also read: Comprehensive Overview Of Lung Pathology Images

Q. An elderly female patient presented to the outpatient department with the presence of a lump in the right breast measuring 5x4 cm. The lump was firm to hard in consistency. The right axillary group of lymph nodes is also palpable and shows the presence of tumor deposits. There is the deposition of an amorphous material noted, which stains positively with the von Kossa stain. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the same?

1. Grossly calcium appears chalky white in color.
2. Von Kossa gives a black color to calcium.
3. Stains for picking up minute quantities of calcium include alizarin red S.
4. The first site of calcium deposition is the endoplasmic reticulum.

Q. A 54-year-old male patient presented with a pigmented lesion measuring 4x3cm on the right cheek. A biopsy of the lesion shows the presence of atypical cells with prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures are noted. Histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma is made. Which of the following stains cannot be used for the diagnosis?

1. Masson Fontana
2. Schmorl's stain
3. HMB45
4. Masson trichrome

Q. Incorrect about the pigment shown.

1. Defined as yellow-brown in appearance.
2. Formed due to lipid peroxidation.
3. Can be positive for oil red O.
4. Seen more commonly in infants.

Q. Which of the following Stains is best suited for the diagnosis of Glycogen?

1. Oil red O
2. Perl's stain
3. PAS
4. Congo red

Q. Werner Syndrome is defect in?

1. DNA Helicase
2. NER genes
3. MMR genes
4. All of the above

Q. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome is due to the mutation in

1. Keratin A
2. Keratin B
3. Lamin A
4. Lamin B

Q. Which of the following pigments are involved in free radical injury?

1. Lipofuscin
2. Melanin
3. Bilirubin
4. Hematin

Also read: Blood Groups and Storage in Blood Banking

Other Important Questions

Q. Hallmark of Barrett Esophagus

Ans Goblet cells

Q. Where do you see Mesenchymal metaplasia?

Ans 

• Myositis (muscle) + ossificans (calcium/bone)
• Muscle changes to bone→occurs due to trauma

Explanation:

Breast is one such organ where all the adaptation happens

• In puberty and pregnancy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia both occur; M/C is hyperplasia.
• Atrophy occurs in postmenopausal occurs → old age ladies
• Metaplasia: -Squamous Metaplasia of the lactiferous Ducts (SMOLD), M/c seen in chronic smokers female

Q. What are the special stains?

Ans. Oil red O, ZN stain (Acid Fast)

Q. What is the first place of calcium deposition?

Ans. Mitochondria

However, in the history of kidney deposition, the calcium goes into the basement membrane.

Q. Which is the autophagy in which the phagophore, autophagosome, or plate formation occurs?

Ans. Macro-Autophagy

Q. What is the marker of autophagy?

Ans. Lc3

• Advanced Points
  • mTOR decides the fate of autophagy.
  • At a well-fed stage, mTOR is activated, and it will inhibit ULK1.
  • In malnutrition, mTOR is inhibited.
  • mTOR μ 1 ⁄ Autophagy.

Q. LAMP 2A is used in which mechanism?

Ans. CMA

Also read: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

Download the PrepLadder app now and unlock a 24-hour FREE trial of premium high-yield content. Access Video Lectures, digital notes, QBank, and Mock Tests for FREE to start with the Best NEET PG Coaching Online. Elevate your study experience and gear up for success. Start your journey with PrepLadder today!