Flash Review: Psychiatry Essentials in 20 Flashcards for NEET PG 2025

Flashcard 1

Anhedonia

• Decreased interest in pleasurable activity.
• Seen in depression and schizophrenia.
• One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Alexithymia

Inability to express or understand emotions.

Flashcard 2

DSM-5

DSM IV TR had a multi-axial system; It described various psychotic disorders into various axes.

Flashcard 3

Prognostic Factors of Schizophrenia

Flashcard 4

Acute Dystonia

• Onset: Earliest, can occur within a few minutes of IV/IM.
• Sudden muscle contraction
• Eyes: Oculogyric crisis (rolling upwards)
• Neck: Torticollis (neck muscles will be twisted to one side)
• Jaw muscles: Trismus
• Larynx: Laryngospasm.
• Glossopharyngeal: Dysarthria, Dysphasia, Dystonia.
• Rx
  • Parenteral (IV/ IM) anticholinergic - Benztropine, Diphenhydramine, Promethazine
  • Oral Anticholinergics: For prophylaxis

Flashcard 4

Akathisia

• Most common
• Restlessness
  • Subjective signs (patient may tell that he has restlessness)
  • Objective signs (noticed by others)
    • Rocking motion
    • Placing around
    • Rapid alteration of sitting and standing
• Rx
  • Beta blockers: Propranolol (DOC)
  • Anticholinergics
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Other
    • Reducing antipsychotic drugs
    • Changing drug to Atypical/ low potency typical antipsychotics

Flashcard 5

Typical/ 1st Generation Antipsychotics

Phenothiazines (Azine at the end)

• Low potency
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Triflupromazine
  • Thioridazine
  • Mesoridazine
• High potency
  • Fluphenazine
  • Trifluoperazine
  • Prochlorperazine

Thioxanthenes (Thix is present)

• Thiothixene
• Flupenthixol
• Zuclopenthixol

Butyrophenones (Peridol at the end)

High potency

• Haloperidol
• Droperidol
• Benperidol

Miscellaneous

• Pimozide
• Loxapine
• Penfluridol
• Molindone

Flashcard 6

Clozapine

• Withdrawn from the market due to Side effects and also caused many deaths.
• Again reintroduced after John Kane et al. study - Showed that Clozapine can be used for treatment resistant Schizophrenia.

Flashcard 7

• All the drugs are esterified forms of parent drug, except Risperidone.
• Risperidone is coated in polymer, to produce microspheres.

Flashcard 8

Z Track Technique

• To prevent oozing of drugs to other tissues after DEPOT is injected and pulled out.
• Technique: When skin is pulled towards a side before DEPOT is injected, forms a Z Track, which prevents leaks.

Flashcard 9

Cognitive Triad of Depression

Learned helplessness theory:

• Connects depression to the experience of uncontrollable adverse events.
• Depressive patients start to believe they have no sense of control and lose the motivation to act.

Flashcard 10

Postpartum Depression

Flashcard 11

Risk of Lithium Toxicity 

• Exceeding recommended dosage
• Renal impairment
• Drug interaction
• The body treats lithium like sodium so in certain conditions like low sodium diet or dehydration the body tries to observe sodium and also observe lithium and subsequently to toxicity.

Flashcard 12

Depersonalization-derealization disorder

Flashcard 13

Cannabis Related Disorders

Flashcard 14

Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

Manage the withdrawal Symptoms. Tobacco contains along with Nicotine, other harmful substances too. So, it is replaced by safer forms of nicotine like

• Nicotine Gums
• Nicotine Lozenges
• Nicotine Patches
• Nicotine Nasal Spray
• Nicotine Inhalers

Earlier there was e-Cigarettes, which are now banned in India.

Flashcard 15

Autism Spectrum Disorder 

• Previously known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD).
• DSM-V and ICD-11 recognize the disorder as autism spectrum disorder.
• Neurodevelopmental disorder.

Flashcard 16

Russell's Sign

Callus on knuckles- Due to self-induced vomiting, the knuckles get injured by the teeth.

Flashcard 17

Theory on Personality

Mnemonic: OCEAN

• Openness to Experience
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism

Flashcard 18

Mental Health Care Act: MHCA 2017

• A new legislation that deals with treatment and rights of patients with mental illness
• Replace older act MHCA- 1987

Flashcard 19

Protection of children from sexual offenses act- POCSO 2012

• Legal framework for protection of children against sexual offenses. Both male and female children. Protect children from offenses of
  • Sexual harassment
  • Sexual Assault
  • Penetrative Sexual harassment - Vaginal /anal / oral
  • Child pornography

Flashcard 20

Rorschach Inkblot test

• Developed by Herman Rorschach.
• Most frequently used projective personality test.
• Consists of 10 Inkblot cards (ambiguous, symmetrical).
• The patient is asked what he sees in the cards.
• The answers are not objective, there may be endless answers.

Also read: Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers

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