Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers

Important Topics in Neoplasia 

• Anaplasia
• Dysplasia and Anaplasia
• Normal Functions
• p53 Disease
• RB Gene
• Warburg Effect
• Escape Immune Surveillance
• Radiation Carcinogenesis
• Chemical Carcinogenesis
• Viral
• PNS Table

Important Questions with Answers 

Q. What is the Minimum weight of tumor for clinical detection

Ans. 1 gram = 10⁹ cells

Q. What is Maximum weight of tumor compatible with Cell/Life

Ans. 1 kg = 10¹² cells

Also read: Fracture Healing and Its Stages

Q. How does Helicobacter pylori cause cancer?

Ans. Carcinogenesis is caused by:

• CAG A
• VAC A

• Warthin starry silver stain - black colour
• Steiner stain
• Modified Giemsa stain - blue colour

Q. Why is only beta HCG tested and not a HCG?

Ans. 

• Alpha HCG has many subunits. Whereas, β-HCG is more specific.
• Difficult to identify the particular one.

Q. A 63-year-old woman with chronic bronchitis presents with shortness of breath. A chest x-ray reveals a 2-cm “coin lesion” in the upper lobe of the left lung. A CT-guided lung biopsy is obtained. Which of the following describes the histologic features of this lesion if the diagnosis is hamartoma?

1. Mass of epithelial tissue
2. Disorganized normal tissue
3. Ectopic islands of normal tissue
4. Granulomatous inflammation

Ans. Disorganized normal tissue

Explanation:

mnemonic-HAMARa

• Native tissue
• Coin lesion
• Popcorn calcification (Also common in fibroadenoma)

Also read: Fluid and Nutrition Management in Children

Q. A 50-year-old woman presents with a lump in her breast. A 4 cm firm and fixed mass is noted on breast examination. Excisional biopsy reveals malignant cells that form gland-like structures and solid nests surrounded by a dense collagenous stroma. A connective tissue stain (trichrome) of the biopsy is shown in the image. Which of the following descriptive terms best describes the blue areas observed in this specimen?

1. Mucinous carcinoma
2. Tubular carcinoma
3. Desmoplastic change
4. Inflammatory carcinoma

Ans. Desmoplastic change

Explanation:

• Muscle means red
• Collagen means blue
• Every tumor cell has two parts: tumor cells and collagen made of fibrous tissue

Q. A 20-year-old woman has an ovarian tumor removed. The surgical specimen is 10 cm in diameter and cystic. The cystic cavity is found to contain black hair and sebaceous material. Histologic examination of the cyst wall reveals a variety of benign differentiated tissues, including skin, cartilage, brain, and mucinous glandular epithelium. What is the diagnosis?

1. Adenoma
2. Chondroma
3. Hamartoma
4. Teratoma

Ans. Teratoma

Q. A 45-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. A hysterectomy is performed and shows a benign tumor of the uterus derived from a smooth muscle cell. What is the appropriate diagnosis?

A. Leiomyoma

B. Leiomyosarcoma

C. Myxoma

D. Rhabdomyoma

Ans. Leiomyoma

Also read: Important Questions with Answers on Inflammation

Q. Which of the following is an incorrect match?

1. JAK2-Point Mutation - PV
2. PGDFR B- Amplification - Glioma
3. RET-POINT MUTATION - Medullary Carcinoma
4. ABL-POINT MUTATION - CML

Ans. ABL-POINT MUTATION - CML

Q. GNAQ mutation is associated with?

1. Small cell lung carcinoma
2. Adenocarcinoma lung
3. Uveal melanoma
4. Pituitary adenoma

Ans. Uveal melanoma

Q. Which of the following describes the correct order of cyclins in cell cycle progression?

1. A/D/E/B
2. D/E/A/B
3. B/E/A/D
4. D/E/B/A

Ans. D/E/A/B

Q. A 25-year-old woman presents for a gynecologic examination. The cervical Pap smear shows "koilocytic atypia" characterized by perinuclear halos and wrinkled nuclei (shown in the image). A cervical biopsy reveals invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular tests for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the tumor cells are positive. Which of the following mechanisms of disease best explains the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of neoplasia in this patient?

1. Activation of cellular oncogenes b.
2. Enhanced transcription of telomerase gene
3. Inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins
4. Insertional mutagenesis

Ans. Inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins

Also read: Last Minute Pathology: Image-Based Revision for INI-CET Toppers

Q. A 60-year-old man presents with a 4-month history of increasing weight loss, wheezing, and shortness of breath. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for 40 years. His past medical history is significant for emphysema and chronic bronchitis. A chest X-ray shows a 10 cm mass in the left lung. Bronchoscopy discloses obstruction of the left main stem bronchus. A biopsy is obtained (shown in the image). Immunohistochemical studies of this biopsy specimen would most likely show strong expression of which of the following tumor markers?

1. Alpha-fetoprotein
2. Calretinin
3. Carcinoembryonic antigen
4. Cytokeratins

Ans. Cytokeratins

Q. CA 19-9 is a tumor marker of?

A. Stomach cancer

B. Pancreatic cancer

C. Colon cancer

D. Lung cancer

Ans. Pancreatic cancer

Q. A 65-year-old man complains of muscle weakness and a dry cough for 4 months. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 45 years. A chest X-ray shows a 4-cm central left lung mass. Laboratory studies reveal hyperglycemia and hypertension. A transbronchial biopsy is diagnosed as small cell carcinoma. Metastases in the liver are detected by CT scan. Which of the following might account for the development of hyperglycemia and hypertension in this patient?

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. Paraneoplastic syndrome

C. Pituitary adenoma

D. Pituitary metastases

Ans. Paraneoplastic syndrome

Q. Find the incorrect match about tumor markers given below.?

A. AFP - Yolk sac tumor

B. CA125 - Ovarian tumors

C. CA19-9 - Pancreatic cancer

D. Prostate alkaline phosphatase - prostate cancer

Ans. Prostate alkaline phosphatase - prostate cancer

Also read: ​Pathology Image Based Questions for NEET PG 2025

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