Important Questions with Answers on Inflammation

Core Topics in the Study of Inflammation

Acute Inflammation

• Vascular Events
• Cellular Events
• NETS (Neutrophil ExtracellularTraps)/Beneficial Suicide
• Emperipolesis
• Entosis (Non-Macrophage Cell)

Inflammation - Mediators

• Preformed Mediators
• Cytokines
• COX

Chronic Inflammation Granuloma and Wound Healing

• Names of Macrophages in Different Organs
• Types of Giant Cells
• Causes of Granulomas
• Events of Wound Healing

Also read: Anesthesia Image based questions NEET PG

Important Questions with Answer

Q. What is the special stain for Mast cells and Basophils?

Ans. Toluidine Blue. Toluidine Blue is a metachromatic stain. It has a different colour (Blue) ultimately gives a different colour (Purple).

Q. Which of these will aggregate the platelets?

Ans. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

Q. Who will inhibit platelet aggregation?

Ans. PGI2 (Prostacyclin) causes vasodilatation

Q. Function of Zileuton, why is it not good to use?

Ans. It inhibits 5 LOX and stops all its processes. So, it is better to use drugs

like LTRc antagonists known as Montelukast, zafirlukast, which will only inhibit LTC4, D4, E4.

Also read: NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB Pathway defects

Q. What is the composition of the membrane attack complex?

Ans. C5b to C9

Q. Which molecules are responsible for Chemoattraction?

Ans. C5a

Q. Which molecules are responsible for Opsonins?

Ans. C3b, C4b, C5b (all the 'b' molecules are responsible for Opsonins).

Q. Which molecules are responsible for Anaphylaxis?

Ans. C3a, C5a (all the 'a' molecules are responsible for Anaphylaxis. C5a is the most potent attractant).

Q. What is MPGN II

Ans. It is Complementopathy- There is a problem in the complement system. It is a defect in the kidney

Also read: Last Minute Pathology: Image-Based Revision for INI-CET Toppers

Q. What is the definition of blood clot?

Ans. It is the last product for Factor I - Fibrin from Factor Ia.

• Factor XIII is known as the Fibrin stabilizing factor/ Laki Lorand Factor.
• Factor XIII makes your blood clot very strong/Stable.
• Follows two pathways: extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
• Both will merge at factor X, and will be known as a common pathway.

Q. What is the most important cell of chronic inflammation?

Ans. Macrophages

Q. What is the most important cell of granuloma?

Ans. Modified macrophage or epithelioid cell.

Q. Which lymphocyte is present in the Lymphocytic collar?

Ans. T lymphocytes → release IFN - γ H1

Q. Which is the mediator responsible for granuloma formation?

Ans. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Also read: ​Pathology Image Based Questions for NEET PG 2025

Q. Is there any condition where the lymphocytic collar vanishes?

Ans. Naked granuloma (a classical feature of Sarcoidosis)

Q. Will sarcoidosis show caseating or non-caseating granuloma?

Ans. Both types of granulomas can occur, but the non-caseating variety is the most common granuloma.

Q. Which cell is responsible for wound contraction?

Ans. Wound contraction is mediated by a cell called Myofibroblast (Myo - contraction, Fibroblast - lays down collagen)

Frequently asked MCQs

Q. Basement membrane degradation is caused by

1. Matrix Metalloproteinases
2. Oxidases
3. Elastases
4. Hydroxylase

Ans. Matrix Metalloproteinases

Q. Main feature of Chemotaxis is:

1. Random movement of Neutrophils
2. Adhesiveness to blood vessels
3. Phagocytosis
4. Unidirectional locomotion of Neutrophils

Ans. Unidirectional locomotion of Neutrophils

Also read: Pathology Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Q. Defect in LAM is associated with?

1. Delayed closure of umbilical cord
2. Defect in Chemotaxis
3. Defect in Opsonization
4. Neutropenia

Ans. Delayed closure of umbilical cord

Q. A 19-month-old child presents with recurrent infections. Advanced studies show a defect in neutrophil adhesion. Further, the mother gives a history of delayed umbilical cord stump shedding after birth. The child's defect is most commonly attached to?

1. LAD 1
2. LAD 2
3. BRUTON'S Hypogammaglobulinemia
4. SCID

Ans. LAD 1

Q. 10-year-old child present with repeated bleeding episodes, delayed milestones as well as hypopigmentation. Peripheral smear shows the following findings. What is your likely diagnosis?

1. Defect in selections
2. Defect in phagocytosis
3. Defect in opsonization
4. Defect in integrins

Ans. Defect in phagocytosis

Q. DHR is a test for?

1. Rolling
2. Chemotaxis
3. Opsonization
4. Phagocytosis

Ans. Phagocytosis

Also read: Cell Injury and Cell Death

Q. Gelatinase is released by?

1. Primary granules
2. Specific granules
3. C particle
4. Azurophilic granules

Ans. C particles (Tertiary granules)

Q. Most FIBROGENIC mediator:

1. TNF alpha
2. TGF beta
3. Cytokine
4. PG

Ans. TGF beta - [TNF alpha - (No appetite)]

Q. C-C includes which of the following chemokines?

1. IL-8
2. Eotaxin
3. Fractalkine
4. Lymphotactin

Ans. Eotaxin - it attracts Eosinophil

Q. Structure marked by the arrow in the given histopathological image is derived from?

1. B cell
2. T cell
3. Macrophages.
4. Fusion of epithelial

Ans. Macrophages

Explanation: The cell is Langhan's giant cell fusion of macrophages

Q. Lymphocytic collar of a granuloma is primarily composed of which cells?

1. B cell
2. T helper cell (Th1 ) 
3. T helper cell (Th2 ) 
4. CD8 T cells

Ans. T helper cell (Th1 ) 

Explanation: TH1 releases Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), making granuloma

Also read: Important Mnemonics in Pathology

Q. Find the correct match?

1. Langhans-2 touton-1 foreign body-3 RS cell- 4
2. Langhans-1 touton-3 foreign body-2 RS cell- 4
3. Langerhans-1 touton-4 foreign body-2 RS cell- 3
4. Langhans-1 touton-4 foreign body-2 RS cell- 3

Ans. Langhans-1 touton-4 foreign body-2 RS cell- 3

Explanation: Giant cell is langhans and not langerhans

Q. The granuloma shown below is associated with which of the following diseases?

1. Cat scratch disease
2. LGV
3. Both a and b
4. None

Ans. Both 1 and 2

Explanation: Star-shaped/stellate granuloma causes Cat scratch disease and LGV.

Q. The granuloma shown below is associated with which of the following diseases?

1. Coxiella burnetii
2. Q fever
3. Allopurinol
4. All of the above

Ans. All of the above

Explanation: Doughnut granuloma is shown in the image and is associated with Q fever caused by Coxiella and allopurinol.

Also read: Pathology Important Questions for NEET PG/FMGE

Download the PrepLadder app now to access high-yield content with 24-hr Free Trial. Explore premium study resources like Video Lectures, digital notes, QBank, and Mock Tests for a seamless exam preparation. Start your NEET PG online coaching journey with PrepLadder.