Important Mnemonics in Pathology 

Type II Hypersensitivity Examples

My blood group is Rh+ve (mnemonic)

My: Myasthenia Gravis

Blood: blood transfusion reaction

Group: Good pasture syndrome and Graves disease

Is: Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA)

     Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Rh: Rh incompatibility, RHD

Positive: Pemphigus (bulous) and Pernicious Anemia

Vessels Affected in Atherosclerosis

Mnemonic: ACP Delhi traffic is cute

• Abdominal Aorta
• Coronary Artery
• Popliteal Artery
• Descending Thoracic Aorta
• Internal Carotid Artery
• Circle of Willis

Also read: Pathology Important Questions for NEET PG/FMGE

Unstable Angina

Atherosclerosis- Complications

(A/C/U/T/E) 

• Aneurysm:
• Calcification
• Ulceration
• Thrombosis
• Embolism.

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

It includes 3 diseases: Mnemonic- CAB

1. COPD
   • Emphysema
   • Chronic bronchitis
2. Asthma
3. Bronchiectasis

LOFGREN Syndrome

Clinical features

Mnemonic: L O F GR EN

• L: lymphadenopathy
• O: Ouch (Joint Pains)
• F: Fever
• GR: Granulomas
• EN: Erythema Nodosum

Erythema Nodosum

• Mnemonic: Nodosum, Nobel.
• Noble: Good prognosis.

Lupus Pernio

Sarcoidosis is involved with skin.

• Mnemonic: Pernio, Pernicious (mischievous).
• Mischievous: Bad prognosis.

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Renal Papillary Necrosis 

Mnemonic PAPER DOSA

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Obstructive pyelonephritis
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Analgesic Overdose

Gleason

Calculate in the below Sequence

• PSG: Preeti Sharma Group (mnemonic).
  • P: Pattern
  • S: Score
  • G: Grade

Li Fraumeni Syndrome

The syndrome includes:

Mnemonic: BBBB tumors

• Breast cancer
• Brain cancer
• Bone cancer
• Blood cancer

Also read: A Comprehensive Overview of Central Nervous System

Profile of AOCD Varying from IDA

Mnemonic: TIBC

• T : Top in
• I : IDA
• B: Bottom in
• C: Chronic disease

Golf Ball Inclusions

Mnemonic: He is a Boy playing Golf at 3 AM

• He: HbH
• Boy: β 4 tetramers
• Golf: golf ball inclusions
• 3 AM: 3 α gene deletion

Asteroid bodies are seen in

Sarcoidosis

Sporothrix/ Rose gardener's disease

How to differentiate?

Sarcoidosis: Intracellular Asteroid body (inside multinucleated giant cell)

Sporothrix/Rose gardener's disease: Extracellular Asteroid body

Mnemonic: Rose Gardener should do work roaming outside, thus extracellular.

Serpentine/ Chrysotile

Mnemonic

I am crying (Chrysotile)

After looking at a snake (Serpentine)

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Amphibole, Crocidolite, and Amosite

Mnemonic

• I am on a site (Amosite)
• Saw a Crocodile (Crocidolite)
• Which is an Amphibian?

PAP: Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Neonatal

Cause: ABCA3 mutation (ATP-binding cassette)

Mnemonic: Kids learn ABC, so ABCA3 problem.

• Improper production of surfactant is seen

Dumbbell-shaped bodies

Lungs: Asbestos body

Urine Crystal: Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

(Mnemonic: Mona is Dumb)

• Microbiology: Pox virus, dumbell DNA core.
• Radiology: Schwannoma of spinal cord.

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Small Cell Carcinoma

Has Maximum Markers

• Neuroendocrine tumors
• Salt and pepper appearance of chromatin
• Azzopardi Effect: blue blood vessel
• Molding and smudging of tumor cells
• The DNA particles come into blood vessels
• Molding and smudging of tumor cells

               ↓

• DNA on blood vessel
• Special stain for DNA: Feulgen Stain

DNA goes from one Generation to next generation—FUELGEN (mnemonic)

Horner' Syndrome

Tumors Near Apex

• Compression of sympathetic chain

AMPLE / MAPLE

• Anhidrosis
• Miosis
• Ptosis
• Loss of ciliospinal reflex
• Enophthalmos (Sunken eyes)

Perineural Invasion is Shown by:

• Prostate cancer
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Pancreatic cancer
• Mnemonic: PAP

Also read: NEET PG High Yield Questions for Pathology

Risk factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Alcohol
• Smoking
• Hot beverages
• Celiac disease
• Drugs/radiation
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Fermented milk: Mursik (consumed in Kenya)
• HPV
• Tylosis palmaris et plantaris: thickening of palm and soles (Hyperkeratosis)
• Plummer Vinson Syndrome
• SOX2 mutation

(Mnemonic: ABCDEF-PPP)

Crohn's Disease

Mnemonic: [SISTER-MAC]

• S: Skip Lesion, skin nodules (Metastatic Crohn's disease)
• I: Most common organ affected is Ileum

S: Radiologically, the string sign (Barium study) is associated with Saccharomyces cerevicae in some cases. Immunologically, Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae positive (ASCA+)

T: Full thickness Fistures

E: Entire wall Fistulas

R- Rectum is spared

M: Microscopy: shows Hallmark - Non-Caseating Granuloma

A: Aphthous ulcer (first lesion). It will further progress and form Serpiginous ulcers.

C: The inside of the intestine will show a Cobblestone appearance.

C: From the outside, it will show creeping fat.

C: Cytokine: TNF is elevated.

Also read: Renal Cell Carcinoma - PrepLadder

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