Hammertoe: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Hammertoe and mallet toe are foot diseases that can cause one or more toes to bend. Both hammertoe and mallet toe can be brought on by a tight shoe. Other possibilities include injuries to the feet and certain medical conditions like diabetes. Most of the time, the cause is unknown.

In hammertoes, the middle joint of the toe has a distinct bending. What defines mallet toe apart is the bent joint that is closest to the toenail. Most cases of hammertoe and mallet toe include the second, third, and fourth toes.

By wearing different shoes, using shoe inserts, and using extra tools, the pressure and discomfort brought on by hammertoe and mallet toe can be lessened. In case these treatments are ineffective, surgery may be required to address the issue and relieve the pressure.

Causes Of Hammertoe

Hammertoe and mallet toe can be brought on by:

• Specific footwear: Shoes with high heels or extreme tightness can compress the toes, making it more difficult for them to lie flat. The toe may eventually continue to curl if shoes are not worn.
• Trauma: Hammertoe or mallet toe can occur more frequently as a result of a toe stub, jam, or break.
• An imbalance in the muscles of the toes: A muscle imbalance can cause strain on the joints and tendons. Hammertoe and mallet toe may eventually result from this imbalance.

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Symptoms Of Hammertoe

Two distinct toe joint bends are present in the hammertoe and mallet toe. Additional clues and manifestations consist of:

• Pain throughout the shoe-putting process.
• Has trouble moving the damaged toe.
• Stiffness in the toes
• Edema and redness.
• Growth of corns and calluses as a result of rubbing against shoes or the ground.

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Risk Factors Of Hammertoe

The following conditions may cause hammertoe and mallet toe to develop more frequently:

• Sex: Compared to men, women are more prone to certain conditions like hammertoe or mallet toe. 
• Individuals who have diabetes and arthritis are more likely to experience foot issues. Genes may have a part as well.

Diagnosis Of Hammertoe

A physician checks the foot to determine whether the patient has a hammertoe or mallet toe. X-rays can be used to visualize the bones and joints of the foot and toes. They're not always necessary, though.

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Treatment Of Hammertoe

For toes that are still pliable, roomier shoes and shoe inserts also referred to as orthotics or pads may offer assistance. Taping, pads, and inserts can help with toe movement and pain reduction.

Your doctor might also suggest toe muscle stretching and strengthening activities. These could include using your toes to pick up stones or scrunching a towel.

Your healthcare provider might suggest surgery if these treatments don't work. During surgery, the tendon holding the curled toe in place can be loosened. Occasionally, the surgeon will additionally remove a bone fragment in order to straighten the toe.

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Prevention Of Hammertoe

Properly fitted shoes can help prevent a number of foot, heel, and ankle problems. When making a shoe purchase, look for these:

• Enough space for the toes: Avoid wearing shoes with pointy toes.
• Low-profile shoes: Back and toe problems can be prevented by avoiding high heels.
• Wear comfortable Shoes: Shoes with laces or straps are cozier and more comfortable to wear.

The additional guidance that follows will help you choose the right shoes:

• Check the dimensions: Shoe size can vary with age, especially in the breadth. After measuring each foot, get the larger size.
• Buy shoes that fit right: Make sure the shoes are comfortable before you buy them. Perhaps a shoe repair shop might stretch shoes in tight spots, but it's better to buy them to fit.

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Complications Of Hammertoe

The toe may still be able to unsnap for a short period of time. However, over time, the tendons and joints of a mallet or hammer toe may become rigid. The toe might remain bent as a result.

The twisted toe's upper portion could grind against shoes. Additionally, excessive pressure may be given to the toe tip bone rather than the fat pad on the toe as a result of the bending position. This might lead to painful corns or calluses.

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