Rapid Acquisition Of Key Concepts Infections

Apr 12, 2024

Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococci

Intrinsic Resistance Mechanisms among Enterococci
Antimicrobial	Mechanism
Ampicillin, penicillin	Altered binding protein
Aminoglycoside (low level)	Decreased permeability, altered ribosomal binding
Clindamycin	Altered ribosomal binding
Erythromycin	Altered ribosomal binding
Tetracyclines	Efflux pump
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	Utilize exogenous folate

Acquired Resistance Mechanisms among Enterococci
Antimicrobial	Mechanism
Ampicillin, penicillin (high level)	Mutation of PBPS
Aminoglycoside (high level)	Enzyme modification
Quinolones	DNA gyrase mutation
Chloramphenicol	Efflux pump
Glycopeptide	Altered cell wall binding
Quinupristin-dalfopristin	Ribosomal modification, efflux pump
Linezolid	Point mutation
Daptomycin	Unknown

Also Read: Anaerobic Bacterial Infections In Children

Summary Of Serological Patterns And Interpretation For HBV Infection

HBsAG	Anti-HBs	Anti-HBc	HBeAg	Anti-HBe	Interpretation
+	–	IgM	+	–	Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity
+	–	IgG	+	–	Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivity
+	–	IgG	–	+	Late acute or chronic hepatitis B, low infectivity HBeAg-negative (precure-mutant) hepatitis B (chronic or, rarely, acute)
+	+	+	+/–	+/–	HBsAg of one subtype and heterotypic anti-HBs (common) Process of seroconversion from HBsAg to anti-HBs (rare)
–	–	IgM	+/–	+/–	Acute hepatitis B Anti-HBc “window”
–	–	IgG	–	+/–	Low-level hepatitis B carrier Hepatitis B in remote past
–	+	IgG	–	+/–	Recovery from hepatitis B
–	+	–	–	–	Immunization with HBsAg (after vaccination) Hepatitis B in the remote past (?) False-positive

Spectrum of Rickettsial diseases

Rickettsial Disease	Agent	Vector	Mammalian Reservoir
Typhus grop
Epidermic typhus Murine / Endemic typhus Scrub typhus	R. prowazekii R. typhi R. Tsutsugamushi	Louse Flea Trombiculid Mite	Humans Rodent Rodents
Spotted fever group
Indian tick typhus (Mediterranean spotted fever / Boutonnueuse Fever) Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) Rickettsial pox	R.conorii R.rickettsii R.akari	Tick Tick (Dermacentor Mite)	Rodents, Dogs Rodents, Dogs Mice
Others
Q-fever Trench fever	Coxiella burnetii R quintana	Nill Louse	Cattle, Sheep, Goats Humans

TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS

Type of Tuberculosis

Treatment Regimens

MDR- TB: Pulmonary
MDR-TB +FQ Resistance
XDR-TB

Not for children < 6yr

Not for MDR of EPTB

Intensive phase: 6-8 months

Bedaquiline or Delaminid
Levofloxacin or High – dose Moxifloxacin
Clofazimine
Cycloserine

Continuation Phase: 12 months

Levofloxacin or High – dose Moxifloxacin
Linezolid
Clofazimine
cycloserine

Type of Tuberculosis

Treatment Regimens

MDR-TB: EP

Also for MDR-TB+FQ Resistance And XDR-TB, who are not fit for all oral therapy regimens

Intensive Phase: 6-9 months

Amikacin
High dose Moxifloxacin
Linezolid, Ethionamide
Clofazimine
Cycloserine

Continuation Phase: 18 months

High dose Moxifloxacin
Linezolid
Clofazimine
Cycloserine

Streptococcal Infections in Children: Classification

Also Read: Mumps : Virus Characteristics, Pathology and Pathogenesis, Investigations, Complications and Treatment

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Pediatrics Infections preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococci

Summary Of Serological Patterns And Interpretation For HBV Infection

Streptococcal Infections in Children: Classification

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