High-Yield Image Based Questions On Neonatology

Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome

Features are Omphalocele, Bowel loops covered with membranous sac are projecting out from umbilicus. Hemihypertrophy – enlargement of one side of the body · Large for date baby,  Macroglossia, Associated with ↑ed risk of developing Wilm's Tumor.

Hairy Pinna 

Seen in infant of diabetic mother 

Others problems in Infants of diabetic mother are: 1) Congenital heart defects 2) Caudal regression syndrome 3) Large for age - Hence more chances of birth trauma.

Expanded New Ballard Score

Features of Prematurity /Preterm neonate 

Extended posture, Scarf sign – Elbow crossing, opposite nipple, Absent deep creases on sole.

ATNR (Asymmetric tonic neck reflex) 

Appears at 35 weeks of gestation and disappears at 5-6 months of post-natal age · After disappearance of this reflex, baby learns to roll over.

Moro's Reflex / Embrace Equivalent 

Components · Symmetric abduction and extension of UL along with opening of hands  flexion and adduction of UL, Extension of head and trunk , Movement of lower limbs, Crying, Disappears at 5-6 months of postnatal age.

Rooting Reflex

Helps mother in breast feeding · Earliest to disappear (1 month of postnatal age) · Appears at 32 weeks of gestational age.

Mongolian Spots 

Greenish black patches over buttocks and back · Occurs due to migration of neural crest cells · Disappears spontaneously.

Also Read: Retinopathy of Prematurity- Mechanism and Treatment

Peripheral Cyanosis/ Acro Cyanosis 

Pale face · Blue hands · Normal finding in newborns.

Hyaline Membrane Disease / Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Ground glass haziness · Presence of air bronchogram near hilum · Occurs due to deficiency of surfactant.

Also Read: Non-Immune Hydrops-Etiology, Investigations And Treatment

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 

Bowel gas shadows in thorax · Mediastinal shift – heart is shied to right side · Diaphragm dome is not visible clearly · Pulmonary hypoplasia · Absolute CI for bag and mask ventilation.

Necrotising Enterocolitis- Pneumatosis Intestinalis 

Air present between walls of intestines · It is stage IIa NEC.

NEC- Pneumoperitoneum 

Air under diaphragm · Sign of intestinal perforation · Seen in stage IIIb of NEC.

Also Read: Hearing Loss in Nicu Graduates

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Pediatrics Neonatology Preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.