NEET SS Pediatric Neonatology Important Topics

FETAL ASSESSMENT

• Gestational Age Assessment
• Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Diseases
• Screening for open Neural tube defects (NTDs)
• Screening for aneuploidies
• Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
• Detection Rates – As Per NNF & Nelson

WHO RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARE OF THE PRETERM OR LBW INFANTS

• WHO Recommendations for care of the preterm or LBW infants-2022
• A. Preventive and Promotive Car
• B. Care for Complications
• C. Family Involvement and Support

BIRTH INJURIES IN NEONATES

• Birth Injuries
• Risk Factors for Neonatal Birth Injuries
• Types of Birth Injuries
• Extracranial Injuries
• Caput Succedaneum
• Cephalohematoma
• Subgaleal Hemorrhage
• Skull Fractures
• Linear skull fracture
• Depressed Skull Fractures
• Occipital Osteodiastasis
• Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
• Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH)
• Subtypes of SDH based on severity and location
• Epidural Hemorrhage (EDH)
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
• Facial and Mandibular Fractures
• Nasal Injuries
• Ocular Injuries
• Ear Injuries
• Sternocleidomastoid Injury
• Pharyngeal Injury
• Nerve Injuries
• Brachial Plexus Injuries
• Types of Brachial Plexus Injuries
• Cranial Nerve Injuries
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Phrenic Nerve Injury (C3, C4, C5)

APPROACH TO CYANOSIS IN A NEONATE

• Neonate with Cyanosis
• Pulmonary Causes
• Cardiac Causes

APNEA IN NEONATES

• Periodic Breathing
• Classification of Apnea
• Etiology of APNEA
• Apnea of Prematurity (AoP)
• Caffeine Citrate
• Theophylline

NEONATAL PULMONARY RESUSCITATION 8TH EDITION

• New Resuscitation Protocol of NRP 8th Edition
• List of Major Changes
• Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN NEONATES

• Thermoregulation in Neonates
• Brown Fat and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis
• Mechanism of Heat Loss in Neonate
• Worsening of Hypothermia
• Definition of Hypothermia
• Clinical Manifestation of Hypothermia
• Management of Hypothermia
• Radiant Warmer v/s Incubator
• Prevention of Hypothermia
• Monitoring
• Things To Know - Cloherty
• Hyperthermia

NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

• Definition of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
• Etiology / Risk Factors
• Hyperinsulinemia
• Clinical manifestations
• Investigations
• Management
• Prevention
• Long term Neurodevelopment

NEONATAL HYPOCALCEMIA

• Serum calcium 
• Events in fetal life
• Events in postnatal life
• Neonatal Hypocalcemia
• Etiology of Early onset neonatal hypocalcemia (ENH)
• Prolonged or Resistant Hypocalcemia

NEONATAL PAIN ASSESSMENT

• Effects and Outcomes of Neonatal Pain
• Neopain Trial
• Pain Assessment Tools
• Management of Neonatal Pain
• Pharmacological Measures
• Analgesia in Specific Scenarios
• Analgesia in Mechanical Ventilation
• Analgesia in Routine Bedside Procedures
• Analgesia in Other Neonatal Procedures

CLINICAL APPROACH TO A FLOPPY INFANT

• Hypotonia Producing a Floppy Infant: The Broad Categories
• Clinical Evaluation of a Floppy infant
• Causes of the Neonatal Floppiness
• Causes, Pattern of the Weakness and Localization

FEVER IN CHILDREN A CLINICAL APPROACH

• Fever
• Normal Thermoregulation
• Mechanism of Fever
• Etiology of Fever
• Types of Fever
• Intermittent Fever Vs. Remittent Fever
• Effects of Fever
• Clinical Features
• Evaluation of Fever
• Management of Fever 

CONGENITAL PERINATAL INFECTIONS

• Nomenclature
• General Principles
• Congenital CMV
• Epidemiology of Congenital CMV
• Clinical Picture in Congenital CMV
• Blood investigations
• Neuroimaging findings
• Congenital Rubella
• Terminology in Congenital Rubella
• Clinical Picture in Congenital Rubella
• Diagnosis of Congenital Rubella
• Treatment of Congenital Rubella
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis
• Clinical Picture in Congenital Toxoplasmosis
• Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
• Work Up in suspected infant
• Treatment and Prevention
• Congenital Parvovirus B19
• Clinical Picture in Congenital Parvovirus B19
• Congenital Zika Virus
• Varicella in Neonate
• Congenital Varicella
• Neonatal Varicella
• Perinatal HSV Infections
• Transmission of Perinatal HSV
• Clinical Picture in Perinatal HSV
• Diagnosis and Treatment
• Prevention Strategies

NEONATAL SEPSIS

• Types of Neonatal Sepsis
• Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis
• Etiology of Neonatal Sepsis
• Clinical Features
• Causes of Fever in Neonates
• Investigations
• Management of Neonatal Sepsis
• Fungal Sepsis in Neonates
• Healthcare-Acquired Infections in Neonates
• Viruses Commonly Transmitted to Neonates

NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis
• Epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
• Clinical Manifestations
• Modified Bell's Staging
• Investigations in NEC
• Differential Diagnosis of NEC
• Management of NEC
• Outcome of NEC
• NEC Totalis
• Neurodevelopmental Impairment in NEC
• Prevention of NEC

INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE IN NEONATES

• Site of Origin of IVH
• Risk factors of IVH
• Grades of IVH
• Grades of Ventriculomegaly
• Investigation and Diagnosis
• Progression of IVH
• Management of IVH
• Indications to do Therapeutic Lumbar Punctures
• Indications for VAD or VSG Shunts
• IVH - Outcome and Prognosis
• Prevention of IVH

Also read: Frequently asked questions in Pediatric Cardiology

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