High-Yield NEET SS Pediatric Oncology Questions

Preparing for the NEET SS exam can feel like navigating a maze, but fear not! We have got the perfect strategy to help you gauge your readiness by giving you a sneak peek into the exam format.

Dive into the NEET SS high-yield questions to gain insight into what to expect. Get started by practicing the questions below, boost your confidence and fine tune your NEET SS pediatrics preparation.

1. A 5-year-old girl is brought to the pediatric department by her parents with complaints of headaches, vomiting, and clumsy voluntary movements for the last two weeks. An initial examination reveals a large, well-defined, solid mass in the midline of the cerebellum. Pathology reveals some multilayered rosettes, non-medulloblastoma embryonal tumour after surgery that goes off without complications. What is the most likely molecular cause of the tumour in this patient?

1. 1p/19q codeletion
2. Amplification of C19MC region on chromosome 19
3. NF-kB pathway activation via C11orf95-RELA fusion
4. K27 mutations in the histone 3 gene H3F3A

2. A 6-year-old male child is brought to the pediatric outpatient department by his parents, complaining of bilateral thigh pain, a few sensory deficits in both lower limbs and motor weakness for the last four days. His parents report that he had been experiencing bladder difficulties for the previous two weeks. On MRI of the spinal cord, a mass originates from the conus medullaris and filum terminale. A CNS tumour is thought to be a likely possibility here. Which tumours developing in this area have the highest probability here?

1. Medulloblastoma
2. Anaplastic astrocytoma
3. Myxopapillary ependymoma
4. Choroid plexus carcinoma

3.A 01-year-old child is brought to the paediatric department by his parents, complaining of recurrent vomiting for the last day. His examination reveals respiratory distress. He has no improvement in symptoms after conservative treatment. His computed tomography (CT) brain shows an anterior heterogeneous meningomyelocele extending posteriorly to the right lung tissue's upper lobe. MRI confirmed the presence of the meningomyelocele in addition to a heterogenous cystic structure within. What would be the most likely diagnosis depending on the CT shown below?

1. Craniopharyngioma
2. Teratoma
3. Pheochromocytoma
4. Glioblastoma

4. A 9-year-old male child is brought by his father to the pediatric surgery department complaining of swelling in his right testicle for the last three days. He also reports a dull ache in the scrotum for the previous three weeks. His examination reveals swelling of the scrotum and minimal fluid in the scrotum. There are elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein and beta human chorionic gonadotrophin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Teratoma
2. Leydig cell tumour
3. Seminoma
4. Gonadoblastoma

5. A 3-month-old baby girl was presented by her mother to the emergency room with a complaint of bleeding from the nose for the past 1 week. On examination, there was a bright red-coloured lesion on the face along with periorbital ecchymosis. The laboratory reports revealed Hb: 9.5 g/dl, WBCs: 6.6×10^9/L and platelet count: 62×10^9/L. From which condition, this patient is suffering?

1. Gardner syndrome
2. May-Hegglin Anomaly
3. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
4. Epstein syndrome

6.A 7-year-old child presents with a mass on the left side of the face. The child's parents report that the mass has been present for several months and has been growing slowly. The child has also been experiencing pain and difficulty chewing. A biopsy of the mass confirms the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Which of the following is the most common subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma in this location?

1. Embryonal
2. Alveolar
3. Pleomorphic
4. Spindle cell

7. A 10-year-old boy presents with a history of multiple benign tumours in his skin and mouth, as well as a family history of similar tumours. He is found to have a PTEN gene mutation. What genetic syndrome is he most likely affected by?

1. Neurofibromatosis type 1
2. Tuberous sclerosis complex
3. Cowden syndrome
4. Li-Fraumeni syndrome

8. A 6-year-old girl is brought to the pediatric oncology department by her parents due to a 1-month history of pain and swelling on her scalp. She has had no history of trauma in this area. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The vital signs are within normal ranges. A 4-cm solitary, tender mass over the right parietal bone is found during an examination. An x-ray of the skull reveals a single osteolytic lesion. Her serum studies show Na⁺ 136 mEq/L, K⁺ 4 mEq/L, Cl^- 105 mEq/L, Ca²⁺ 10 mg/dl. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Multiple myeloma

2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

3. Langerhans cell histiocytosis

4. Ewing sarcoma

9. A 4-year-old girl had a fever and excruciating leg discomfort for the past week. Her body temperature is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F. Cervical and underarm lymphadenopathy is visible on examination. The spleen and liver can be felt two centimeters below the left costal edge and three centimeters below the right. Her neutrophil count is 64,200/mm3, her platelet count is 26,000/mm3, and her hemoglobin is 10.5 g/dL. Most cells in bone marrow aspirate that react positively for CD10, CD19, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) are immature. Which of the following is the most likely diagnostic feature of ALL?

1. Elevated LDH

2. MPO positive

3. PAS negative

4. TRAP-positive

10. A 5-year-old boy of African descent is brought to the pediatric outpatient department with a swelling in the right submandibular region, the patient also suffered high-grade fever, fatigue, night sweats, abdominal pain and significant weight loss for three months. On examination, the abdomen was also protruded. A tissue biopsy was taken from the submandibular site that showed the following appearance under the microscope.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Hodgkin lymphoma
2. Burkitt lymphoma
3. Nephroblastoma
4. Hairy cell leukemia

11. A 10-year-old girl presented to the pediatric outpatient department with a history of painless right-sided neck swelling for two months. There was a history of dry cough (dyspnea) and dysphagia over the last two weeks. On examination, she had bilateral supraclavicular lymphadenopathy as well as axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy. A chest X-ray showed a large mediastinal mass. A lymph node biopsy was done that showed the following picture.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Burkitt lymphoma
2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
3. Pulmonary tuberculosis
4. Hodgkin lymphoma

12. A 15-year-old boy presents to the clinic complaining of pain in his left leg. On examination, the boy reports pain and tenderness in the distal femur. An X-ray of the affected leg is ordered, which shows a lytic lesion in the distal femur with a "soap-bubble" appearance. Based on these findings, what is this patient's most appropriate initial diagnostic test?

1. MRI

2. CT scan

3. Biopsy

4. PET scan

13. A 13-year-old boy presents with complaints of persistent fatigue, weight gain, and muscle weakness. On physical examination, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has a round face and a buffalo hump. Laboratory tests reveal elevated cortisol levels. Which of the following is the likely cause of this patient's current symptoms?

1. Hypothalamic tumour
2. Lung carcinoma
3. Adrenal carcinoma
4. Pituitary tumour

14. A 3-year-old child presents with abdominal pain, fever, and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging studies reveal a large retroperitoneal mass. Biopsy confirms the diagnosis of high-risk neuroblastoma. The child is scheduled to start chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide soon. Which of the following is a chemoprotective agent used to reduce the toxicity of cyclophosphamide in neuroblastoma patients?

1. Epoetin alfa
2. Mesna
3. Bevacizumab
4. Interferon alfa-2a

15. A 14-year-old presents with a painless neck lump that is enlarging in size. He says he has been told he is getting thinner, feels tired, and exhausted, and suffers from night sweats. He denies any history of travel abroad. His spleen is enlarged, and his temperature is 38.3°C. Biopsy results reveal lymphocytes without Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
2. Tuberculosis
3. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
4. Hodgkin’s lymphoma

16. A 6-month-old infant diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) presents to the clinic after a chemotherapy session. The patient presents with weakness, fatigue, nausea, and ECG changes, including peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities most likely cause these symptoms?

1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hyponatremia
3. Hypocalcemia
4. Hypomagnesemia

17. A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is undergoing chemotherapy. After a few weeks of treatment, the infant develops abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. On examination, the infant's abdomen is tender, and a mass is palpable in the right lower quadrant. Blood tests show neutropenia. Imaging studies reveal an enlarged cecum with thickened walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Acute appendicitis
2. Acute gastroenteritis
3. Typhlitis
4. Intussusception

18. A 7-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician with a complaint of persistent pain and swelling in his left thigh for the past 3 weeks. On examination, there is a firm, non-tender mass in the thigh. Imaging studies reveal a large soft-tissue mass with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Rhabdomyosarcoma
2. Osteosarcoma
3. Ewing's sarcoma
4. Lymphoma

19. A 6-year-old girl is brought to the doctor by her parents due to a 1-month history of pain and swelling on her scalp. She has not experienced any trauma in the area. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The vital indicators are within normal ranges. A 3-cm single, sensitive tumor above the right parietal bone is discovered during an examination. An x-ray of the skull reveals a single osteolytic lesion. Which of the following therapy approaches is most suited for patients with this condition if it becomes disseminated?

1. Chemotherapy
2. Steroid injections
3. Local surgery
4. Radiation

20. A 1-month-old boy is diagnosed with strawberry hemangioma at the back. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of this hemangioma?

1. Gradually grow larger and eventually become disfiguring
2. Gradually grow larger and then shrink and disappear completely without treatment
3. Remain stable in size and appearance
4. Become painful and require surgical removal

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Pediatrics Oncology preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.