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Non-Competitive Markets- NCERT Notes UPSC

May 27, 2022

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Monopoly

Differences Between Perfect Competition and Monopoly

Oligopoly

Non-competitive markets

Monopoly

  • It is a market structure in which there is a single seller or producer of a particular commodity.
  • In monopoly, no other commodity works as a substitute for this commodity.
  • To maintain the monopolistic nature of the market sufficient restrictions are required to be in place to prevent any other firm from entering the market and to start selling the commodity.
  • For a monopolistic firm, the price depends on the quantity of the commodity sold as the firm can sell a larger quantity of the commodity only at a lower price and vice versa.  
  • The firm can also decide the price at which it wishes to sell its commodity, and therefore, determines the quantity to be sold.

Also read: Globalisation and the Indian Economy

Rural Development in India

Government Budget and the Economy

Determination of Income and Employment

Basic Concepts of International Trade

Differences Between Perfect Competition and Monopoly

  • Perfectly competitive market provides production and sale of a larger quantity of the commodity compared to a monopoly firm. 
  • Price of the commodity under perfect competition is lower compared to monopoly. 
  • The profit earned by the perfectly competitive firm is also smaller compared to monopoly.
  • The profits earned by the monopolistic firms, do not go away in the long run, unlike in perfect competition. 
  • In general sense, monopolies are considered to be exploitative and charge the consumers comparatively a higher price.

However, it is very difficult for such a monopoly to exist in the real world as substitutes for all commodities exist. New firms are taking up new technologies and coming up with newer products in an ever-changing economy. 

Here's a related video lecture on The Basic Questions Faced by Every Economy by Vivek Singh Sir, our Economy Faculty:

https://youtu.be/ATYWLlw-pwE

Oligopoly

  • It is a market structure, where for a particular commodity there exist only a few sellers (more than one). 
  • In oligopoly market, the product sold by the firms is homogenous
  • The special case of oligopoly where there are exactly two sellers is termed duopoly. 
  • In the oligopoly market, each firm is relatively large as compared to the size of the market. 
  • Each firm can affect the total supply in the market, and thus influence the market price. 
  • Any change in supply or price by one firm can significantly impact all the other firms as well. 
  • In an oligopoly, firms can also act as a “cartel” and create monopolistic conditions. On the other hand, they can keep on undercutting each other’s prices to attract more consumers. 

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