Histology Anatomy: Important Questions with Answers

Histology Important Topics 

• Body Tubes
  • Trachea
• Epithelial Tissue
  • Simple Epithelium
  • Stratified Epithelium
  • Squamo-Columnar Junctions
• Glands
  • Types of Glands
• Connective Tissue
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
  • Comparison between hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage
• Lymphoid Tissue
• Lymphoid Organs
• Integumentary System
  • Cells Present in Layers
  • Skin Receptors
• Cell Junctions
• Muscular System
  • Muscular System
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System
  • Gastric glands having different types of cells
• Urinary System
• Genital System

Histology Important Questions with Answers and Explanations

Q1. What is Meissner's Plexus?

Ans. Plexus present in the submucosa is called Meissner's Plexus.

Q2. Three layers of mucosa?

Ans. 

• Muscularis mucosa
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Lamina propria

Q3. What are Microvilli?

Ans. Microvilli are finger-like projections to increase the surface area for absorption.

Q4.Thyroid follicles are lined by which type of epithelium

1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar
4. Stratified cuboidal

Ans. Simple cuboidal

Explanation:

• Follicles are not lined by nucleus.
• Height of the cells are equal to breadth
• It depends on the release of thyroxine
• If the thyroid hormone is scanty: Squamous
• Medium level of thyroid hormone: Cuboidal
• High levels of thyroid hormone: Columnar

Q5. Secreting active thyroid follicles are lined by which type of epithelium

1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar
4. Stratified cuboidal

Ans. Simple columnar

Explanation: 

• If active thyroid follicles secrete, it may increase the amount of endoplasmic reticulum.
• Increase in the height of the cell.
• Oval basal nucleus
• Increased secretions of thyroxine hormone
• Hence, it is simple columnar epithelium

Q6. Epithelium lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is

1. Simple Columnar
2. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
3. Simple Cuboidal
4. Stratified squamous epithelium

Ans. Stratified squamous epithelium

Explanation:

• Lingual surface (oral cavity)
• Epiglottis has a double surfaces
  • Oral surface
  • Laryngeal surface made of (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar)
• If they ask about the laryngeal surface then the answer is Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Q7. Barrett's esophagus is characterized by which of the following

1. Columnar metaplasia
2. Columnar dysplasia
3. Gastric metaplasia
4. Intestinal metaplasia

Ans. Intestinal metaplasia

Explanation: Normal epithelium is squamous which is replaced by columnar epithelium with goblet cells ( intestinal metaplasia)

Q8. Which of the following is a holocrine gland?

1. Sweat gland
2. Breast
3. Pancreas
4. Sebaceous gland

Ans. Sebaceous gland

Explanation: Sweat gland is a type of apocrine gland. Found in axilla, perigenital area, ceruminous gland in ear. Breast or mammary gland is the modified sweat gland is a type of apocrine gland. Pancreas is a type of merocrine gland.

Q9. Serous demilunes are present in large numbers in which gland?

1. Parotid
2. Sublingual
3. Submandibular
4. Pituitary

Ans. Submandibular

Explanation: Serous demilunes present in submandibular gland > sublingual gland

Q10. Dense and regular arrangement of collagen fibers is seen in all except

1. Tendon
2. Ligament
3. Aponeurosis
4. Periosteum

Ans. Periosteum

Q11. Dense irregular connective tissue is found in

1. Dermis
2. Lamina propria
3. Tendon
4. Ligament

Ans. Dermis

Q12. Fibrocartilage is found in

1. Costal cartilage
2. Nasal septum
3. Intervertebral discs
4.  Auditory tube

Ans. Intervertebral discs

Explanation: Costal cartilage and Nasal septum are made of Hyaline cartilage. Auditory tube is made of Elastic cartilage

Q13. The type of structure shown in the following slide is found in.

1. Intervertebral discs
2. Articular discs
3. Epiphyseal plate
4. Pinna

Ans. Epiphyseal plate

Explanation

• Chondrocytes are in bunches and Matrix is hyalose
• It is Hyaline cartilage
• Intervertebral discs is not the answer because it is Fibrocartilage
• Articular discs are also Fibrocartilage as we have seen in temporomandibular joint and sternoclavicular joints as the shock absorber.
• Epiphyseal plate is the other name of growth plate.
• Pinna is made of elastic cartilage.

Q14. All of the following are the components of the white pulp of spleen EXCEPT:

1. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
2. B cells
3. Antigen presenting cells
4. Vascular sinus

Ans. Vascular sinus

Explanation

• Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, present in the white pulp but is located in the periphery (T

lymphocytes).

• B cells: Germinal center.
• Antigen presenting cells: WBC.
• Vascular sinus - Splenic sinusoids (Red pulp).

Q15. GALT (Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue) is present in:

1. Submucosa
2. Lamina propria
3. Muscularis mucosa
4. Adventitia/Serosa

Ans. Lamina propria

Explanation

• Lamina propria is a part of mucosa.
• Mucosa has three components.
  • Epithelium
  • Sub epithelium (Lamina propria)
  • Muscularis mucosa

Q16. 20nm intercellular gap is found in the following cell junction 00:01:34

1. Zona occludens
2. Zona adherens
3. Macula adherens
4. Gap junctions

Ans. Zona adherens

Explanation:

• Zona occludens and tight junctions have very narrow intercellular gaps.
• Zona adherens have a 20 nm intercellular gap.
• Macula adherens (desmosomes) have a 25 nm intercellular gap.

Q17. In the following diagram, the marked structure has all of the following cell junctions EXCEPT 

1. Zona occludens
2. Zona adherens
3. Macula adherens
4. Gap junction

Ans. Zona occludens

Explanation:

• Cardiac muscle has
  • Intercalated discs or cell boundaries
  • Zona adherens
  • Macula adherens
  • Gap junctions

Q18. Hyaline cartilage of respiratory tube extends till

1. Bronchus
2. Terminal Bronchiole
3. Respiratory bronchiole
4. Alveolar duct

Ans. Bronchus

Q19. All of the following cells are found in the lung except.

1. Kulchitsky cells
2. Clara cells
3. Brush cells
4. Langerhans cells

Ans: Langerhans cells

Explanation:

• Langerhans cells are APC cells present on the skin, carrying the antigen towards the lymph nodes.
• Kulchitsky cells are the Neuroendocrine cells -serotonine
• Clara cells is seen in terminal bronchiole and respiratory bronchiole secrtes surfactant.
• Function is unknown -Brush cells

Q20. All are correct about the stomach Except

1. Pylorus has more acid secreting cells
2. Lots of mucous secreting cells in pylorus
3. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
4. Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor

Ans. Pylorus has more acid secreting cells

Explanation:

• Chief cells secrete pepsinogen (mostly found in the fundus region of the stomach).
• Parietal cells not only secrete the HCl, they also secrete the intrinsic factor for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Q21. Which of the following marked cells in the slide secrete hydrochloric acid?

1. Surface mucous cells
2. Mucous neck cells
3. Parietal cells
4. Chief cell

Ans. Parietal cells

Explanation:

• Chief cells secrete pepsin enzyme
• Parietal cells secrete Hcl

Also read: Pharmacology Important Topics For NEET PG 2025

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