Important Topics in Biochemistry for NEET-PG 2025

Biochemistry is a high scoring subject. Quite a good number of questions are asked from this subject in NEET-PG which makes it obligatory to thoroughly prepare the subject. According to the recent official subject-wise marks distribution for NEET-PG, around 16 MCQ’s are expected from this subject.

To ease your revision for the exam, we approached our subject matter experts to share Biochemistry important topics for NEET PG which are high-yielding & must be prepared on tips.

Biochemistry: Important Topics for NEET PG

Cell and Suborganelles

• Pathways and suborganelles 
• Sub organelles and marker enzymes 
• Protein synthesis and sorting

Transport and Receptors 

• Passive diffusion 
• active transport
• cystic fibrosi's
• Receptors 

Also read: Last 5 Year PYQs in ENT for INI-CET

Carbohydrate chemistry 

• Carbohydrate chemistry and simple carbohydrates
  • Definition and classification of carbohydrates
• Reducing and non reducing sugar
  • Classification of carbohydrates based on non reducing property 
  • Benedict’s test 
  • Barford's test
  • Algorithm of benedict test is positive 
• Mucopolysaccharides and complex carbohydrates
  • Mucopolysaccharides/glycosaminoglycans 
  • Hunter’s and hurler’s syndrome 
  • Complex carbohydrates
• Isomerism
  • Optical isomerism 
  • Functional isomerism
  • Stereoisomerism 
  • Types of stereoisomerism 

Carbohydrates metabolism 

• Introduction and  integration of metabolism
  • Introduction to metabolism 
  • Integration of metabolism 
  • Effects of hormones 
  • Difference between NADH and NADPH 
  • Preferred fuel 
  • Tarui’s disease glycolytic enzyme defect
• Glycolysis
  • Aerobic glycolysis
  • Anaerobic glycolysis 
  • Inhibitors of glycolysis 
  • Lapaport leubering shunt or 2, 3 BPG shunt 
  • Glycolysis defects 
• Starvation fates of pyruvate and PDH complex
  • Changes in starvation 
  • Fates of pyruvate 
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 
  • Glucose sparing effect
• TCA cycle
  • Inhibitors
  • Fad linked dehydrogenase 
  • Regulation of TCA cycle 
  • Amphibolic pathway 
  • Anaplerotic reaction 
  • Significance of malic enzyme 
• Gluconeogenesis
  • Enzymes 
  • Malate shuttle 
  • Substrates
  • Enzymes activated by phosphorylation
  • Regulation of glycolysis and glyconeogenesis 
• HMP shunt
  • HMP shunt defects 
  • Phases of HMP shunt 
  • Steps of HMP shunt 
  • significance of IMP in stores blood 
• Fructose and galactose metabolism
  • Galactose metabolism disorder 
  • Normal fructose metabolism 
  • Fructose metabolism disorder
• Glycogen metabolism
  • Glycogen synthesis 
  • Glycogenolysis 
• Glycogen storage disorder
  • Types and enzyme defects 
  • Pompe’s disease 
  • Classification of glycogen storage disorder 
  • Glycogen storage disorder with hypoglycemia
  • Von gierke’s vs. hers disease 
  • Glycogen storage disorder with exercise intolerance 
  • Mcardle’s disease
  • Anderson’s disease 
• GLUT transporters and alcohol metabolism
  • Glucose uptake along intestine 
  • Insulin dependent glucose uptake 
• Alcohol metabolism
  • Alcohol withdrawal delirium tremens  

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Lipid chemistry 

• Lipid chemistry and complex lipids
  • Simple lipids 
  • Structure of triacylglycerol 
  • Complex lipids 
  • Phospholipids 
• Fatty acid, cholesterol and glycolipids
  • Cholesterol structure 
  • Classification of lipids based on solubility 
  • Fatty acids 
  • Nutritionally essential fatty acids 
• Fatty acid synthesis
  • Prerequisites for fatty acid synthesis 
  • Fate of acetyl COA
  • Fatty acid synthase complex
  • Steps of fatty acid synthesis 
  • Stoichiometry of fatty acid synthesis 
  • Regulation of acetyl COA carboxylase 
  • Rate limiting enzymes 
  • Inborn errors of metabolism 
• Cholesterol and bile duct synthesis
  • Cholesterol synthesis 
  • Intermediates of cholesterol synthesis
  • Regulation of cholesterol synthesis
  • Bile acid synthesis
• Fatty acid oxidation
  • Beta oxidation 
  • Difference between mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation
  • Fate of fatty acids in cell 
  • Energetics of complete oxidation of fatty acid 
  • Regulation of fatty acid oxidation 
  • Steps involved in ketone body synthesis 
  • Ketone body metabolism 
  • Odd chain fatty acid oxidation 
• Lipoprotein metabolism
  • Basic structure of lipoprotein 
  • Metabolism of lipoprotein
  • Functions of apoproteins 
  • Chylomicron metabolism
  • VLDL metabolism
  • HDL metabolism 
  • Fatty liver 
• Dyslipoproteinemia
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia 
  • Categories of hyperlipoproteinemia 
  • Hypolipoprotenemia 
  • LCAT deficiency 
  • ABC A1 mutation

Amino acid chemistry 

• Amino acid and protein chemistry
  • Amino acids 
  • Color reactions of amino acids 
• Protein chemistry
  • Peptide linkage 
  • Glutathione 
  • Protein structure 
• Myoglobin and hemoglobin
  • Structure of myoglobin 
  • Structure of hemoglobin 
  • Fetal hemoglobin
  • Oxyhemoglobin dissociative curve 
• Electrophoresis and chromatography
  • Protein electrophoresis
  • Difference between serum and plasma
  • Paper chromatography

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Amino acid metabolism 

• Aminoacid breakdown
  • Carbon skeleton catabolism 
• Urea cycle and disorder
  • Ammonia 
  • Non toxic forms of ammonia 
  • Urea cycle 
  • Difference between cps1 and cps2 
  • Urea cycle disorder
• Glycine and one carbon pool
  • Measures to reduce ammonia 
  • Uses of glycine 
• Urine odour and phenylalanine & tyrosine metabolism
  • Urine odour disorder 
  • Phenylalanine metabolism 
  • Trypsine metabolism 
  • Disorders of tyrosine metabolism 
• Other amino acid metabolism
  • Tryptophan metabolism 
  • Homocysteine metabolism
  • Gyrate atrophy of retina 

Genetics 

• Nucleotide chemistry, chromosome, gene organization
  • nitrogen base
  • Nucleoside 
  • Structure of nucleotide 
  • Polynucleotide formation 
  • Watson and  crick  DNA model 
  • Chromosome 
  • Genes 
  • Denaturation 
  • Chromatin
• Cell cycle and human genomic sequence
  • Cell cycle 
  • Human genomic sequences and its types 
  • application of satellite DNA 
• DNA and RNA
  • Structure of DNA 
  • Types of DNA 
  • Mitochondrial DNA 
  • Difference between DNA and RNA 
  • Types of RNA 
• Replication
  • DNA polymerase 
  • Steps of replication 
  • Functions of prokaryotic DNA polymerase 
  • Difference between prokaryotic and eurakaryotic genome 
  • Telomeric and shortening 
  • Functions of eukaryotic DNA polymerase 
• DNA repair mechanism
  • DNA errors 
  • Repair mechanism 
• Transcription
  • DNA and RNA polymerase 
  • RNA polymerase 
  • Numbering nucleotide in coding strand 
  • Transcription control regions 
  • Steps of transcription 
  • Post transcriptional modifications 
• Genetic code and mutation
  • Genetic code property 
  • Degeneracy 
  • Wobble phenomenon 
  • Types of mutation 
• Translation
  • Steps of translation 
  • Elongation 
  • Termination 
• PCR and detection of known mutation sites
  • Cloning 
  • Requirements of replication 
  • Facts about PCR 
• Recombinant DNA technology
  • Steps of recombinant DNA technology 
  • Restriction endonucleases 
  • Hybridization or blotting technique 
  • Significance of cDNA
  • LAC operon 
  • Marker genes 

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Heme Metabolism 

• Heme synthesis and prophyrias
  • HEME
  • Types of porphyrinogens 
  • Heme synthesis disorder 
  • Classification of prophyrias 
  • Lead positioning 
• HEME catabolism and hyperbilirubinemias
  • HEME breakdown 
  • Structure of bilirubin 
  • Difference between conjugated and unconjugated bile pigments 
  • Biphasic jaundice 
  • Congenital hyperbilirubinemias 

Vitamins 

• Vitamin D/Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis
• Vitamin A, E and K
• Vitamin B
• Vitamin C & Collagen

Minerals 

• Iron
• Copper, Zinc, Flurine, Selenium and Molebdenum

“Effort is important, but knowing where to make an effort makes all the difference”

Only learn that much you can revise & later you can remember in the exam. Learning rare means wasting many hours in doing that 5% which may or may not come in the exam.

While giving time to rare things, what you miss is your precious time for conceptual & frequently asked topics.

TAKE ONLY THAT MUCH RESPONSIBILITY WHICH YOU CAN HANDLE.

• Follow the idea of Minimal Studies by focusing on preparing the important & high-yielding topics which are actually expected in the exam.

Even if you get a question from the rare/ less important topic, you can easily skip it if you don’t know it, as attempting such a question will only fetch you negative marks.

There always arises a situation when ‘Smart Work beats Hard Work’

Whenever you are worried about skipping some rare topics, relax and stay calm. If the exam comes out to be tough, it will not be difficult just for a single person. All the candidates will appear for the same exam, hence the difficulty level of some questions is not the rank decider.

Go and give your best shot. Remember, life doesn’t give many chances. Make it count. You are a fighter. No matter what, you should never give up your dream.

Also Read:  All Important Things About Carbohydrate Metabolism - NEET PG Biochemistry

Important Topics in Pathology for NEET-PG

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