20 High-Yield Dermatology Flashcards NEET PG 2025

Flashcard 1

Epidermis 

Come Let's Get Sun Burnt: Stratum Corneum (come), Stratum Lucidum (let's), Stratum Granulosum (get), Stratum Spinosum (sun) and Stratum Basale (burn).

Flashcard 2

Microabscess

Microabscess: Collection of inflammatory cells in different cell layers

Types of Microabscess

• Munro's: Seen in Psoriasis at stratum corneum
• Kogoj's Spongiform Pustules: Seen in Psoriasis at Stratum Spinosum
• Papillary (IgA + neutrophils): Seen in Dermatitis Herpetiformis at Dermal papilla
• Eosinophilic (Eosinophils): Seen in Bullous Pemphigoid at Dermo-Epidermal junction
• Pautrier's: Seen in Mycosis Fungoides at stratum corneum.

Flashcard 3

Dermo Epidermal Junction

• Rete ridges are a part of the epidermis that invaginates into the dermis
• Dermal papillae is the part of the Dermis that invaginates into the epidermis.
• Dermo-epidermal junction: The junction between the Epidermis and Dermis, is a complex structure, It is known as the Basement Membrane Zone.
• The basement membrane consists of Type IV collagen.
• The main function of BMZ is to provide adhesion and signaling.

Flashcard 4

Crust

• Crusts are dried-up exudates.
• Exudate can be pus, serum & blood.
• A honey-colored crust is seen in non-bullous impetigo.

Flashcard 5

Blaschko's Lines

• They are the lines of embryonic development.
• They are the lines along which keratinocytes migrate.
• These lines are constant.
• They have a strict midline demarcation.

Flashcard 6

Langer's Lines

• They are the lines of the orientation of collagen and muscle fibers in our body.
• Not constant
• No midline demarcation
• Help in giving surgical incision
• They are relaxed skin tension lines

Flashcard 7

Molluscum Contagiosum 

• Molluscum contagiosum is caused by MCV: Molluscipox virus
• Family: Poxvirus
  • Largest known DNA viruses
• Types
  • MCV 1: Seen in children
  • MCV 2: Seen in adults

Flashcard 8

Human Papillomavirus 

HPV has>200 subtypes of Viral Infection, a few of which are

• Deep plantar wart: HPV 1
• Superficial plantar warts: HPV 2
• Plane warts: HPV 3
• Common warts: HPV 4, 2, 27
• EDV: Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: HPV 5
• Anogenital warts: HPV6
• Butcher's warts: HPV 7
• Mnemonic: DSP Come Eat A Burger

Flashcard 9

Anogenital warts

• Associated with sexually transmitted infections.
• Also called Condyloma Accuminata
  • Accuminata means pointed.
  • Condyloma means soft.
• Low risk: HPV - 6, 11
• High risk: HPV 16,18, 31, 35
  • High-risk HPV are predisposed to malignancy.
• When the lesions are large, this leads to giant condyloma accuminata: Buschke Lowenstein Tumor

Flashcard 10

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2 

• HHV 1 and 2: Herpes Simplex Virus
• HSV causes primary, recurrent, and latent lesions
• HSV primary lesions are more severe than recurrent infections.
• HSV can stay latent in the Dorsal root ganglion.
• HSV can be passed on to partners in the inactive state, as HSV stays in latent mode also.

HSV 1 and 2

• HSV 1: Above waist infections
• HSV 2: Below waist infections

Flashcard 11

Chicken Pox/Varicella 

• Usually in children
• I.P: 2-3 weeks
• There is a prodrome of:
  • Fever, sore throat
  • Malaise
• The patient presents with polymorphic morbilliform rash which are centripetal distribution mostly seen in the trunk.
• It starts as a vesicle which later turns into a crust and heals with the pigmentation.

Flashcard 12

Herpes Zoster

• Herpes zoster is the reactivation of the varicellazoster virus, which stays latent in the dorsal root ganglion and may get activated later in life.
• Seen in
  • Elderly
  • Immunocompromised
  • Patients with HIV
  • Also, in healthy adults
• In Herpes Zoster there is Dermatomal Distribution with midline demarcation
• The patient will present with vesicles & erythema associated with severe pain on a dermatomal distribution.
• Most common dermatome - thorax > cervical > trigeminal > lumbosacral

Treatment

• Acyclovir 800mg 5 times a day
• Valaciclovir 1gm 3 times a day

Flashcard 13

Parvovirus B19

• Causes: Erythema infectiosum
• Presents with Slapped cheek appearance
• In this condition child is usually well, with no fever
• The child presents with Reticular exanthem on the trunk.

Flashcard 14

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

• This is seen in newborns.
• The primary focus of infection can be in the form of otitis media, nasal infection, or eye infection, which releases a toxin called exfoliative toxin 1, which binds to Desmoglein-1 causing intraepidermal split (at the granular layer)
• Newborn with fever, constitutional symptoms
• A positive Nikolsky sign is seen.
• All follicular infections are caused by Staphylococcus.

Flashcard 15

Indeterminate Leprosy

• Most Common form of leprosy in India
• Endemicity: Jharkhand, UP, Bihar
• Site: Face or extremities
• Clinical feature: Infiltration: Ill-defined hypopigmented lesions that are single with no loss of sensation and no infiltration. On HPE, you see peri appendageal granulomas.
• Management: Observation

Flashcard 16

Dermatophytosis/Tinea 

• Species that cause the infection are:
  • Trichophyton: It affects skin, hair and nails.
  • Epidermophyton: It affects the skin and nails.
  • Microsporum: It affects skin and hair.

Flashcard 17

Tinea cruris

• Tinea cruris involves crural folds.
• This is also called Dhobi's Itch or Jogger's itch because it happens due to a lot of sweating.
• It shows less scaling, due to maceration.

Flashcard 18

Oral Candidiasis

• Oral Candidiasis is of various types:
• The most common type of oral candidiasis is oral thrush or Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis.
• It is also called acute pseudomembranous candidiasis because these white deposits can be scraped off.

Flashcard 19

Mycetoma

• Mycetoma is also called Madura Foot or Maduramycosis
• Mycetoma can be caused by fungus/bacteria:
  • If Mycetoma is caused by bacteria, it is called Actinomycetoma
  • If Mycetoma is caused by a fungus, it is called Eumycetoma.

Flashcard 20

• Most specific test: Dark Ground Microscopy
• Most specific blood tests: FTA-ABS, TPHA
• Earliest to become positive: IgM Capita (rarely done) > FTA-ABS
• Most sensitive test: IgM Captia > FTA ABS
• Screening: VDRL, RDR
• Field-based screening: RPR card
• IOC in
  • Primary syphilis - Dark ground microscopy
  • Secondary syphilis - FTA ABS
  • Tertiary syphilis - EIA
  • Neurosyphilis - CSF EXAM
• To monitor the treatment and disease activity: VDRL

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