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NEET SS PEDIATRICS

Pediatric neurology

Important Topics in Pediatric Neurology

May 6, 2025

Acute Pyogenic Meningitis

Risk Factors of Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Etiology of Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Specific predisposing factors and etiology
Pathogenesis of Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Pathology and Pathophysiology
Clinical Features of Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Causes of Absent Nuchal Rigidity
Causes of False Positive Nuchal Rigidity: (No meningitis but nuchal rigidity is positive)
Complications in acute pyogenic meningitis
Sequelae in Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Contraindications for lumbar puncture
CSF studies
Role of steroids in acute pyogenic meningitis

Tubercular Meningitis

Risk Factors
Pathophysiology of TBM
Clinical Stages of TBM
Diagnosis of TBM
Treatment of TBM

Brain Abscess In Children

Risk Factors for Brain Abscess
Location & Pathology
Stages of Brain Abscess
Etiology
Clinical Features
Investigation
Role of Surgery

Neurocysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis
Epidemiology
Life Cycle Related to NCC
Clinical Features Based Upon Location
Clinical Features of Parenchymal NCC
Investigations and Diagnosis
AOCN 2021 Recommendations
IAP Standard Treatment
NCC Vs Tuberculoma

NCC Vs Tuberculoma

Major Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1)
Clinical Diagnostic Criteria
Neurological and Other Complications in NF-1
MRI Imaging Neurofibromatosis-1
Risk of Tumors and Malignancies in NF-1
Follow-Up in NF-1
Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF-2)
Schwannomatosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Diagnostic Criteria for Tuberous Sclerosis
Management of TSC
Follow-Up in TCS
Sturge Weber Syndrome
Types of SWS - Roach Scale
Investigations in SWS
Management of SWS
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Linear Naevus Sebaceous Syndrome
Ataxia Telangiectasia
PHACE Syndrome
Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP)
Hypomelanosis of ITO

Neonatal Seizures

Epidemiology of Neonatal Seizures
Types of Neonatal Seizures
Jitteriness vs Seizure
Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus
Etiology of Neonatal Seizure
Clinical Evaluation of Neonatal Seizures
Diagnostic Workup
Bloody CSF Obtained
Management of Neonatal Seizures
Response Rates of Neonatal Seizures
Weaning of AEDs
Prognosis in Neonatal Seizures

Febrile Seizures

Types of Febrile Seizures
Factors Responsible for Febrile Seizures
Recurrence of Febrile Seizures
Clinical Approach to Febrile Seizures
Management of FS

Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes

Common Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes
Benign Neonatal Convulsions
Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions
Rolandic Epilepsy
Panayiotopoulos Syndrome
Absence Seizures
Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)
Severe Epilepsy Syndromes
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (LGS)
Epileptic Encephalopathy Evolution
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS)
Genetic Basis of West Syndrome and its Epidemiology

Infantile Tremor Syndrome

Tremors
Types of Tremors
Infantile Tremor Syndrome (ITS)
Clinical Features

Autoimmune Encephalitis

Entities included
Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Clinical Presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Outcome & Prognosis
Encephalitis with Antibodies Against the Gaba-A Receptor
Ophelia Syndrome
Hashimoto Encephalitis
Bickerstaff Encephalitis
Rasmussen Encephalitis
Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Basal Ganglia Encephalitis
CLIPPERS

Cerebral Palsy

Etiology and Risk Factors
Classification of Cerebral Palsy
Individual Forms of CP
Monitoring for CP
Diagnosis of CP
Management of CP
Prevention of Contractures in CP
Prevention of CP

Rett Syndrome

PM Studies-Brain Pathology
Atypical RETT Syndrome
Management

Dyslexia

Hallmarks of Dyslexia
Definitions of Dyslexia
Etiopathogenesis of Dyslexia
Phonological Theory of Dyslexia
Clinical Features of Dyslexia
Diagnosis of Dyslexia
Management of Dyslexia

Neuromuscular Disorders

Classification of Neuromuscular Disorders
Clinical Features Suggestive of NM Disorders
Pattern of Muscle Weakness - Visuals
Work-Up needed in suspected NM Disorders in Children

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Genetic Basis
Role of SMN Proteins in the Body
Types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Features of Type 1 SMA or Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease
Investigations and Diagnosis
Management

Muscular Dystrophies

Muscular Dystrophies
Classification for Muscular Dystrophies
Understanding the Basic Proteins Involved
Dystrophinopathies
Clinical Manifestations of DMD
Pseudohypertrophy of Muscles
Loss of Ambulation and Deterioration in DMD
Comparison with BMD
Investigations and Diagnosis
Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies
Congenital Muscular Dystrophies
Classification of CMDS
Current Classification of CMDS
Investigation and Diagnosis
Treatment of CMD
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMDS)
Bethlem Myopathy
Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Childhood Headache

Types of Headaches
The International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD3)
A Clinical Approach to Childhood Headache
Associated features and likely etiology
Neuroimaging
Potential Scenarios for MCQ/VIVA
IAP 2022: A Summary of to Approach
Migraine
Pediatric Migraine
Migraine Without Aura: ICHD-3b Diagnostic Criteria
Migraine with Aura: ICHD-3b Diagnostic Criteria
Migraine with Brainstem Aura: ICHD-3b Diagnostic Criteria
Vestibular Migraine with Vertigo: ICHD-3b Diagnostic Criteria
Clinical Dilemma
Scoring Tool for Pediatric Migraine

Guillain-barre Syndrome

Etiopathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Subtypes of GBS
Diagnosis of GBS
Treatment of GBS
Prognosis of GBS
Chronic Pain in GBS

Encephalitis In Children

Etiology of Encephalitis
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)
Etiologies of Encephalitis
Clinical Approach
Evaluation & Diagnosis
Treatment Principles
Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
Life Cycle & Transmission
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)
Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSVE)

ADHD & Autism

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Co-Morbidities in ADHD
DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD
Behavior Rating Scales in ADHD
Treatment of ADHD
Prognosis in ADHD
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Epidemiology of ADA
Comorbidities in ASD
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria in ASAD
Severity levels in ASD
Associated features of ASD, not in DMS-V
Red Flags for Autism - IAP 2022
Diagnosis of ASD
Investigations are needed in ASD
Investigation needed in ASD
Genetic Counseling in ASD
Management of ASD

Management of Raised ICP in Children

Principles of Sequential Therapy
First Tier Therapy
Combined Osmotherapy
Second Tier Therapy

Newer Anti-epileptics In Pediatrics

Generation of Antiepileptics
Eslicarbazepine (ESL)
Lacosamide (LCM)
Perampanel (PER)
Everolimus (EVS)
Retigabine (RTG)
Brivaracetam (BRV)
Cannabidiol (CBD)

Status Epilepticus In Children

ILAE Classification of SE
Mechanism of Status Epilepticus
Management of Status Epilepticus in Children

Treatment of NCC

Treatment of Neurocysticercosis-IAP 2022
Treatment: AOCN 2021 Update
IDSA/ASTMH 2017-18 Guidelines for Neurocysticercosis in Atypical Sites
Treatment: AOCN 2021 Update

TICS

Types of TICS
Etiology of TICS
Risk Factors for TICS
Role of Autoimmune Mechanisms in TICS and Related Disorders
Clinical Spectrum of Tic Disorders
DSM–V Criteria
Co-morbidities in Tic disorder

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