NEET SS Pediatrics: Important Pediatric Pulmonology Topics 2025

Anatomy and Basics of Pediatric Pulmonology

• Normal Anatomy 
• Development of normal pulmonary system
• Stage of development
• Weeks of gestation
• Sequence of Fetal Lung Development and Corresponding Defects
• Difference between pediatric airway and Adult Airway
• Types of sounds 
• Snoring
• Rattling
• Stridor
• Wheeze
• Grunting
• Crepitations

Also read: NEET SS Pediatrics 2025: Must-Know Pediatric Cardiology Topics

Infections Of The Upper Airway Common Cold And Sinusitis

• Common Cold
• Etiology
• Clinical Features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Complications
• Development of Paranasal Sinus
• Sinusitis in Children
• Causes of acute sinusitis
• Causes of Chronic and subacute sinusitis
• Epidemiology and Risk Factors
• Clinical Features and Diagnosis 
• Investigations
• Management Protocol 
• Complications 
• Pott's Puffy Tumor

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation

• CPAM
• Etiology
• Types of CPAM
• Clinical Features
• Investigations
• Treatment

Pulmonary Sequestration

• Pulmonary Sequestration
• Common Features
• Types of Sequestration 
• Intrapulmonary / Intralobar
• Extrapulmonary / Extralobar 
• Investigations
• Treatment 
• Bronchogenic Cysts 
• Bronchogenic X-Ray 
• Clinical Features and Diagnosis 
• Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia
• Clinical Features
• Broncho-Biliary Fistula 
• Lung Hernia
• Causes of Lung Hernia
• Sites
• Clinical Features 

Also read: Important MCQ's Pediatric Pulmonology & Infections

Allergic Rhinitis In Children

• Allergic Rhinitis (AR)
• Epidemiology of AR
• Risk factors for AR
• Protective Factor against AR
• Classification of AR-ARIA Classification
• Etiology and Pathogenesis of AR
• Allergy Sensitization
• Acute Attack 
• Clinical Features of AR
• Physical Findings of AR
• Anterior Nasal Examination
• Complications
• AR and Bronchial Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

• Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)   
• PCL layer thickness in CF the latest concept
• Pathogenesis Summarized
• Mutations in CFTR gene
• Airway Colonization and Infection 
• Pathology of CF
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnostic criteria for cystic fibrosis
• Details of individual investigations
• Sweat Chloride Test
• Newborn Screening
• Genetic or DNA testing   
• Functional Testing or CFTR Physiologic Testing
• Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Guidelines
• CFTR-Related Disorders
• Diagnostic Scenarios 
• General Management 
• Identifying the exacerbation of these pulmonary infections 
• Pulmonary Therapy 
• Inhalational Agents
• Airway Clearance 
• Antibiotic Therapy
• Nutritional Therapy
• Calorie-rich and concentrated diet
• Pancreatic enzyme replacement 
• Vitamin and mineral supplementation 
• Newer therapies: Potentiators and correctors
• Potentiators
• Correctors
• Combination Therapies
• Future Therapies

Also read: Chylothorax in Infants and Children

Eosinophilic Lung Diseases

• Etiological classification - Major subtypes
• Usual clinical spectrum
• Loeffler Syndrome
• Clinical features 
• Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (AEP)
• Clinical presentation
• Investigations
• Diagnostic criteria
• Treatment of AEP
• Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia (CEP)
• Diagnostic criteria for CEP
• Treatment
• AEP vs CEP
• Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
• Progression of EGPA
• Clinical features
• Radiography
• ARC diagnostic criteria for EGPA 
• Treatment of EGPA
• Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)  
• Clinical Manifestations 
• Tests performed are as follows
• Diagnostic criteria for ABPA
• Pathological features of ABPA
• Radiography in ABPA
• Staging of ABPA
• Treatment of ABPA

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

• Cilia    
• Ciliopathies Due to Abnormal Non-Motile / Sensory Cilia
• Motile Cilia
• Non-Motile Cilia
• Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
• Spectrum of Mutations
• Clinical Features of PCD
• Investigation and Work Up
• Diagnostic Criteria for PCD
• Treatment
• Prognosis

Bronchiectasis In Children

• Conditions predisposing to pediatric bronchiectasis  
• Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis 
• Clinical Manifestations    
• Investigations
• Disease spectrum based upon HRCT Chest
• Exacerbation in bronchiectasis  
• Management of Pediatric Bronchiectasis 
• Prognosis 

Also read: Pediatric Asthma GINA Guidelines

Pediatric Asthma Gina Guidelines-2021

• Some Key Concepts and a Summary of GINA Guidelines 2021 
• Clinical Phenotypes
• Diagnostic Criteria - GINA 2021 
• Key Points: Doing a Bronchodilator Test 
• Making a Diagnosis in Children <5 years of Age
• Features of Examination   
• Assessment and management GINA Guidelines 2021 Children 6-11 years, Adolescents and Adults
• Management Children Aged 6-11 Years
• Response and Adjustment
• Management
• Management - Children aged 5 years and Younger
• Management-Children aged 6-11 years
• Nelson 22nd Edition Updates
• GINA 2024- Diagnostic Criteria of Asthma  

Pleural Disorders In Children

• Chylothorax 
• Causes of Chylothorax
• Complication of Chylothorax
• Treatment of Chylothorax

Pneumonia In Children

• Risk Factors for Childhood Pneumonia 
• Etiology of Pneumonia
• Recurrent Pneumonia in Children 
• Pathogenesis: Patterns of Spread in Pneumonia 
• Diagnosis of Pneumonia
• Complications of Childhood Pneumonia
• Management of Pleural Effusion in Pneumonia in Children 

Also read: Neonatal Cpap (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) Updates

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Pediatrics Preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.