NEET SS Pediatrics Most Important MCQS 

Q1. A 7-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for evaluation of short stature. He is below the 3rd percentile for height for his age and gender. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his short stature?

1. Constitutional Growth Delay (CGD)
2. Familial Short Stature (FSS)
3. Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)
4. Turner Syndrome

Ans. 3-  Constitutional Growth Delay (CGD)

Q2. A 9-month-old baby presents with developmental delays. What is the expected fine motor skill development in a 9-month-old baby?

1. Grasping objects between the thumb and the index finger
2. Using the whole hand to grasp objects
3. Palmar grip
4. Throwing a ball

Ans. 1  - Grasping objects between the thumb and the index finger:

Q3. A 15-year-old male comes to the physician concerned that he is shorter than his peers, his voice is still childlike and he lacks body hair. He also mentions having difficulty concentrating in school and feeling increasingly tired. Physical examination reveals a short stature, small testes and sparse pubic hair. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH). Which of the following is the most likely cause for this patient’s presentation?

1. Klinefelter syndrome
2. Turner syndrome
3. Prader-Willi syndrome
4. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Ans. 3-  Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 

Q4. A 2-year-old child presents with an abnormally shaped head, and a doctor suspects craniosynostosis. Which craniosynostosis syndrome is the most likely cause of the child's symptoms?

1. Crouzon syndrome
2. Apert syndrome
3. Pfeiffer syndrome
4. Saethre - Chotzen syndrome

Ans. 1 : Crouzon syndrome

Q5. A newborn is assessed in the nursery 1 minute after birth. His skin is pink, his heart rate is 120 beats/minute and he has a strong cry when stimulated. His arms and legs show some flexion. Which of the following is the correct APGAR score for this newborn at 1 minute?

1. 7
2. 8
3. 9
4. 10

Ans. 3: 9

Q6. A 2-month-old child comes with his parents to the pediatric clinic for neonatal evaluation. The pediatrician tried to assess the different reflexes of this child. He produced a loud sound and as a result, the infant extended the arms and legs for some time and came back together. Which of the following is the reflex checked by the doctor?

1. Babinski reflex
2. Moro reflex
3. Grasp reflex
4. Sucking reflex

Ans.2 : Moro reflex

Q7. A 3-year-old comes with his parents to the outpatient department with undergrowth. The parents are concerned about the child's health. The pediatrician measured different parameters to determine the degree of failure to thrive, such as weight for age %, length for age% and weight for height%. Which of the following values will represent a severe degree of failure to thrive (FTT)?

1. Length for age= 92 %
2. Weight for height= 72%
3. Weight for age= 62%
4. Weight for height= 65%

Ans. 4 : Weight for height= 65%

Q8. A 2-month-old male infant is brought to your clinic for a well-child visit. The parents report that the infant was born at term without any complications. However, they are concerned because the infant's weight and length have not increased much since birth. On examination, the infant's weight is 6.3 kg (3rd percentile), length is 60 cm (10th percentile) and head circumference is 37 cm (50th percentile). Which of the following is the most likely cause of the infant's abnormal growth pattern?

1. Inadequate caloric intake
2. Congenital infections
3. Genetic disorders
4. Chronic illness

Ans 2 : Congenital infections

Q9. A 6-day-old newborn girl is admitted to the intensive care unit to treat acute intestinal obstruction due to duodenal atresia. She is receiving nasogastric decompression, maintenance intravenous fluid and electrolyte restoration. What is the first step in the investigation to rule out hyponatremia?

1. Plasma osmolality
2. Volume status
3. Urine osmolality
4. Urine sodium concentration

Ans.1: Plasma osmolality

Q10. A boy is born to a 20-year-old female at 33 weeks gestation. This newborn is at increased risk of hemolytic anaemia due to a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

1. Vitamin B12
2. Vitamin B6
3. Vitamin E
4. Vitamin B1

Ans. 3 - Vitamin E

Q11. A full-term male neonate is born with a birth weight of 3.5 kg. On examination, he appears well but has central cyanosis. His oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. He has normal heart sounds, no murmurs, and good peripheral pulses. Respiratory rate is 45 breaths per minute with mild intercostal retractions. A chest X-ray shows normal lung fields and no signs of pneumonia or meconium aspiration syndrome. An echocardiogram is pending. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this neonate?

1. Administration of 100% oxygen by mask
2. Close observation and monitoring of oxygen saturation levels
3. Emergent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
4. Intravenous administration of prostaglandin E1

Ans. 2 - Close observation and monitoring of oxygen saturation levels

Q12. A 2-week-old boy presented to the neonatal emergency department with his mother, who complained the child was having a high pitched cry and had a low-grade fever for a few days. In history, the mother told the doctor that at the time of the labour, she had a prolonged rupture of membranes and a low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Neonatal sepsis
2. Neonatal meningitis
3. Hypovolemic shock
4. Congenital pneumonia

Ans. 1  - Neonatal sepsis

Q13. A 30-week gestational age neonate is born with a birth weight of 1.4 kg. The baby is delivered via caesarean section. The APGAR score of the baby is 7. A routine bone density scan reveals a T-score of -2. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?

1. Delayed cord clamping
2. Maternal smoking
3. Early feeding
4. Supine positioning

Ans. 2  - Maternal smoking

Q14. A 2-week-old infant is brought to the clinic with poor feeding, vomiting, and lethargy history. On examination, the infant appears dehydrated and is noted to have hepatomegaly. Laboratory investigations reveal an elevated serum creatinine level and thrombocytopenia. What is the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis of congenital CMV infection?

1. Stool culture
2. Urine PCR test for CMV
3. TORCH panel testing
4. Liver function test

Ans 2  - Urine PCR test for CMV

Q15. A 34-week preterm infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The infant is intubated, ventilated, and receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The neonatologist advises the nursing staff to position the infant in a specific way. Which of the following positions would be most appropriate for this infant?

1. Supine position
2. Prone position
3. Side-lying position
4. Trendelenburg position

Ans 3  - Side-lying position

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