High-Yield Immunity Questions and Answers

Immunity Important topics

• Components of Innate Immunity 
• Natural Killer (NK Cells)
• T Cells
• Interaction between B and T Cells
• Difference Between MHC I and MHC II
• Types of T Cells
• Immunity - Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Type II Hypersensitivity Mechanisms
• Type IV Hypersensitivity
• Autoimmune Disorders
• Scleroderma
• Defect in Lymphocyte maturation
• Types of Grafts
• Transplant Rejection
• Graft Versus Host Disease
• Secondary Amyloidosis
• Gross findings—amyloidosis

Also read: Cardiac Glycosides Pharmacology

Important questions and answers 

Q. True statements about MHC are all except?

1. Chromosome 6 harbors gene for MHC
2. Gene encoding complements are adjacent to MHC
3. Monocytes have MHC class II molecules on their surfaces
4. Class III MHC does not encode complement

Ans. Class III MHC does not encode complement

Explanation

• HLA I will make MHC I
• HLA II will make MHC II
• HLA III will make C2, C4
• MHC I is located in all the nucleated cells, platelets
• MHC II is located in all APCs (Dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages and monocytes)
• Class III MHC does not exist

Q. A 30-year-old HBsAg positive female complains of feeling generally ill and fatigued, having fever, and loss of appetite and weight loss. Occasional episodes of muscle and/or joint pains are reported. On GPE, the skin sores are noted. There is no cardiopulmonary discomfort noted. Her BP is raised. On arteriography, irregular narrowing and dilation of the blood vessels is noted. A biopsy of the vessels shows fibrinoid necrosis. Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions play a role in this disease?

1. Type I
2. Type II
3. Type III
4. Type IV

Ans. Type III

Also read: CVS Pharmacology Important One-liners

Q. A 42-year-old patient presents with cough and sputum. He also complains of weight loss, fever, and night sweats. On sputum examination, there are multinucleated giant cells along with lymphocytes, and macrophages. Numerous scattered cells with slipper-shaped nuclei are noted. Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions play a role in this disease?

1. Type I
2. Type II
3. Type III
4. Type IV

Ans. Type IV

Q. Which of the following hypersensitivities can be noted in SLE?

1. I, III
2. II, III
3. III, IV
4. I, IV

Ans. II, III

Q. Which of the following inflammatory cells is more commonly seen in a lip biopsy of a patient with Sjogren syndrome?

1. Neutrophil
2. Lymphocyte
3. Monocyte
4. Basophil

Ans. Lymphocyte

Also read: Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers

Q. LE cell is a______ that has engulfed a______?

1. Neutrophil, lymphocyte
2. Neutrophil, hematoxylin body
3. Macrophage, lymphocyte
4. Macrophage, neutrophil

Ans. Neutrophil, hematoxylin body

Q. A new born child presents with a morbilliform rash. Mother also gives a history of recurrent diaper rash. Examination reveals oral candidiasis and failure to thrive?

1. LAD 1
2. LAD 2
3. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
4. SCID

Ans. SCID

Q. BAFF genetic defect associated with germinal centre hyperplasia leading to hyperplasia of peyer's patches and tonsils?

1. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
2. SCID
3. CVID
4. CGD

Ans. CVID

Also read: Important Questions with Answers on Inflammation

Q. Select the incorrect match?

1. Del 22p - DiGeorge syndrome
2. BAFF - CVID
3. ADA deficiency - SCID
4. BTK - Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia

Ans. Del 22p - DiGeorge syndrome

Q. What is the graft between different members of the same species termed as?

1. Autograft
2. Isograft
3. Xenograft
4. Allograft

Ans. Allograft

Q. Which of the following histological changes is suggestive of chronic transplant rejection ?

1. C4d positivity along peritubular capillaries
2. Presence of glomerular basement membrane double contours
3. Presence of inflammatory cells within glomerular capillaries
4. Presence of inflammatory cells within peritubular capillaries

Ans. Presence of glomerular basement membrane double contours

Also read: Last Minute Pathology: Image-Based Revision for INI-CET Toppers

Q. Which of the following organs is least likely to be affected in GVHD?

1. Liver
2. Skin
3. Intestine
4. Lung

Ans. Lung

Q. Find the incorrect match with regard to the type of amyloid.

1. Chronic inflammation - AA
2. Familial Mediterranean fever- AA
3. Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy- ATTR
4. Alzheimer's disease- A b2

Ans. Alzheimer's disease– A b2

Q. Which of the following can be associated with AL amyloidosis?

1. Factor V deficiency
2. Factor IV deficiency
3. Factor X deficiency
4. Factor XII deficiency

Ans. Factor X deficiency

Q. A 54-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure and is currently on hemodialysis. A few months later he presents with pain in the wrist join. Which of the following amyloid depositions best describes this phenomenon?

1. A b
2. A b2
3. AA
4. AL

Ans. A b2

Q. A 44-year-old diabetic patient shows deposition of Ab amyloid around the median nerve. Which of the 2 following renal cancers is he at risk of?

1. Clear cell RCC
2. Papillary RCC
3. Medullary RCC

Chromophobe RCC

Ans. Papillary RCC

Also read: ​Pathology Image Based Questions for NEET PG 2025

Q. Which of the following stains uses UV light for examination?

1. Congo Red
2. Pas
3. Thioflavin T
4. Lugol's iodine

Ans. Thioflavin T

Q. What is the special stain for mast cells and basophils?

Ans. Toluidine blue

Q. Which is the important HLA gene that has to be matched?

Ans: The most important matching is DR matching

Q. How will the surgeon know about the rejection?

Ans. 

• Kidney becomes floppy and turns blue due to no blood supply
• Few drops of blood in urine

Also read: Pathology Important Topics for NEET PG 2025