20 High-Yield Flashcards for Pediatric NEET PG Exam 2026

Flashcard 1: Hutchinson's teeth

Notched incisors: Hutchinson's teeth, part of the Hutchinson's triad- late manifestations of congenital syphilis. TRAID

• Hutchinson's teeth
• Sensorineural hearing loss
• Interstitial keratitis

Flashcard 2:  Diagnosis of HIV in infant

NAT (nucleic acid amplification testing) at birth or within 2 days of birth and start nevirapine ±

Zidovudine. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis should be started for the babies and it needs to be continued, if HIV comes positive or unless HIV infection is completely ruled out.

Flashcard 3:  Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome

• Large for gestational age- Birth weight > 90th percentile than expected weight
• Omphalocele present
• Hemihypertrophy: The left lower and upper limbs are larger than the right side.
• Macroglossia is present in this condition.
• Increased risk for Wilm's tumor.

Flashcard 4: Self-inflating Bag and Mask

• Contains 4 parts
• Self-inflating bag
• Mask
• Oxygen tubing
• Reservoir. Increasing FiO delivered to baby 2
• Used to give positive airway pressure ventilation during neonatal resuscitation

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Flashcard 5: Pathological Jaundice

• Baby's palms are pressed
• If there is yellow discoloration - Indicates Pathological jaundice
• Bilirubin > 15 to 20 mg/dl
• Requires phototherapy/exchange transfusion

Flashcard 6:  Intestinal Perforation

• Free gas under the diaphragm present
• Pneumoperitoneum is also present
• Result of intestinal perforation due to NEC stage IIIb

Flashcard 7:  Marasmus

• Extremities- Thin
• Presence of bony prominence
• No edema
• Buccal pad of fat is lost
• Marasmus- Severe malnutrition without edema

Flashcard 8:  Flaky Paint Dermatosis

Crazy pavement dermatosis (seen in severe malnutrition)- Mosaic appearance.

Flashcard 9:  Clinical Features of Vitamin B Deficiency

• Oral ulcers- Aphthous stomatitis (painful)
• Riboflavin deficiency- Angular cheilitis and glossitis
• Casal's necklace- Seen in pellagra
  • Deficiency of niacin
  • This leads to photosensitivity and rash

Flashcard 10: Modified Allen's Test

Done before withdrawing arterial blood gas samples from children. Patency of the palmar arch is tested. Risk of developing Gangrene if the palmar arch is not patented.

Flashcard 11: Important Symbols used in Pedigree Analysis

Multiple siblings- Diamond shape and can write the no of siblings.

Flashcard 12: Down syndrome or Trisomy 21

• Eyes- Mongoloid slant
• Hypertelorism- Increased gap between the eyes
• Depressed bridge of nose
• Fold of skin over the medial canthus- Epicanthic fold
• Protrusion of tongue
• Curved little finger- Clinodactyly.
• Single transverse palmar crease- Simian crease
• Sandal gap- Increased gap between great toe and 2nd toe

Flashcard 13: Patau Syndrome

• Has scalp defects
• CTEV- Limb defects
• Postaxial polydactyly
• Cleft lip or cleft palate
• Underlying holoprosencephaly.
• Diagnosis- Trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome

Flashcard 14: Treacher Collin Syndrome

• Inheritance- Autosomal dominant
• Coloboma of the lower eyelid
• Underdeveloped maxilla or checks
• Malformed ears- Deafness

Flashcard 15: Pompe's Disease

• The child is floppy with a feeding tube - Feeding issues
• X-ray shows cardiomegaly
• ECG changes
  • Tall QRS complexes
  • Short PR interval
• Pompe's disease- Type II glycogen storage disorder
  • Deficient enzyme- Acid maltase or alpha-glucosidase

Flashcard 16: Hyper IgE Syndrome

• Chest X-ray- Air-filled cavities called Pneumatoceles.
  • Causative organism- Staphylococcus aureus
• Syndrome- Hyper IgE syndrome
  • Mutation in Stat 3 gene
  • Inheritance- Autosomal Dominant
  • Characterized by dysmorphism.

Flashcard 17: Ataxia Telangiectasia

Telangiectasia (dilated blood vessels): Ocular or cutaneous

• Defective gene- ATM gene
• Defect in the repair of DNA

Flashcard 18:  DiGeorge Syndrome

• Absence of thymic shadow- Thymic hypoplasia
• Diagnosis- DiGeorge syndrome
  • Other Name - Velocardiofacial syndrome
  • Genetic abnormality- 22q11 deletion

Flashcard 19: Kawasaki Disease

Diagnosis- Kawasaki disease

• Seen in children
• Mnemonic- CREAM

Flashcard 20:  Phocomelia

• Limbs resemble flippers of a seal
• Maternal intake of thalidomide during pregnancy is a risk factor
• Short proximal segments of limbs

Also read: Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers

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