Important Topics in Orthopedics for NEET-PG 2026

After sharing the important topics for various subjects like Pharmacology, Pathology, PSM etc, we have been receiving constant requests from the students to share the important topics for Orthopedics.

Hence, we asked help from subject matter experts to cast some light on this.

Important Topics in Orthopedics

Definition of Fracture and Classification

• Clinical features of a fracture
• Classification of fracture 

Fracture Healing 

• Types of fracture healing 
• Stages of secondary fracture healing 
• Distraction histogenesis
• Factures affecting fracture healing 
• Signs of fracture union 

Upper Limb Trauma 

• Fracture clavicle 
• Acromioclavicular joint injuries 
• Fracture scapula 
• Proximal humerus fracture 
• Shaft of humerus fracture 
• Shoulder dislocation 
• Posterior shoulder dislocation
• Inferior shoulder dislocation
• Suppracondylar fracture 
• Lateral condyle fracture 
• Elbow dislocation
• Classification of elbow dislocation
• Types of elbow dislocation
• Treatment and complications 
• Pulled elbow 
• Monteggia fracture 
• Galeazzi fracture 
• Essex lopresti fracture 
• Radial styloid fracture 
• Colles fracture 
• Components of colles fracture 
• Smith fracture 
• Barton fracture 
• Boxer’s fracture 
• Gamekeeper’s thumb 
• Scaphoid fracture 
• Bennett’s fracture 
• Rolando fracture 
• The difference between a Bennett and a Rolando fracture 
• Mallet finger 

Lower limb trauma 

• Hip dislocation 
• Posterior dislocation of the hip
• Anterior dislocation of hip 
• Central dislocation of the hip 
• Talus fracture 
• Patellar fracture 
• Recurrent dislocation of the patella 
• Neck of femur fracture 
• Intertrochanteric fracture 
• Ankle injuries 
• Foot fractures 
• Calcaneal fracture
• Tibial condyle fracture 
• Shaft  of femur fractures 
• Pelvic fractures 
• Classification of pelvic fractures 

Complications of fractures

• Open fracture/ compound fracture 
• Volkmann’s ischemia 
• ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
• Myositis ossificans 
• Crush syndromes  
• Sudeck’s osteodystrophy 
• Avascular necrosis 
• Gaucher disease 

Sports injuries 

• Stabilizers of the knee joint 
• Anterior cruciate ligament injuries 
• Posterior cruciate ligament injuries 
• Rotator cuff injury 
• Meniscle injury 

Peripheral Nerve Injuries 

• General facts about peripheral nerves 
• Structure of a nerve 
• Causes of peripheral nerve injury 
• Pathogenesis nerve injury 
• Signs of nerve regeneration 
• Classification of nerve injuries 
• Investigations for nerve injuries 
• General management of peripheral nerve 
• Branchial plexus injury 
• Klumpke’s paralysis 
• Radial nerve injury 
• Ulnar nerve injury 
• Medial nerve injury 
• Common peripheral nerve injury 

Pediatric orthopedics 

• Club foot 
• CTEV and deformities in CTEV 
• Theories of CTEV 
• Epiphyseal injury 
• Achondroplasia 
• Infantile cortical hyperostosis/ caffey’s disease
• Congenital vertical talus 
• Development dysplasia of the hip
• Congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia 
• Congenital torticollis 
• Klippel feil syndrome and sprengel shoulder 
• Cleidocranial dysostosis 
• Osteogenesis imperfecta 
• Fibrous dysplasia 
• Syndactyly 

Bone infections 

• Osteomyelitis 
• Acute osteomyelitis 
• Subacute osteomyelitis 
• Chronic osteomyelitis 
• Special types of osteomyelitis 
• Skeletal tuberculosis 
• Pott’s spine 
• Tuberculosis of hip
• Tuberculosis of knee joint 

Bone tumors 

• WHO classification of bone tumors 
• Osteochondroma (exostosis)
• Echohondroma 
• Chondroblastoma aka codman’s tumor 
• Chondromyxoid fibroma 
• Osteomas
• Bone cysts 
• Osteogenic sarcoma 
• Ewing’s sarcoma/ small blue cell tumor 
• Giant cell tumor/ osteoclastoma 
• Multiple myeloma 

Metabolic bone disorders 

• Rickets 
• Osteoporosis 
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hungry bone syndrome 
• Osteopetrosis 
• Scurvy 
• Gout 
• Pseudogout/ CPPD
• Paget’s disease 

Arthritis 

• Osteoarthritis 
• Rheumatoid arthritis 
• Psoriatic arthritis 
• Ankylosing spondylitis 
• Charcot joint 
• Haemophilic arthritis 

Spine 

• Disc prolapse 
• Intervertebral disc herniation 
• Spondyloliarhesis 
• Lumbar canal stenosis 
• Hangman fracture 
• Scoliosis 

Regional conditions 

• Frozen shoulder/ adhesive capsulitis/ arthrofibrosis/ periarthritis of the shoulder 
• Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
• De Quervain’s tenosynovitis/washerwoman's sprain/ tanovaginitis 
• Dupuytren’s contracture 
• Keinbock’s disease/ lunatomalacia 
• Perthes disease 
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 
• Wilsons’s grading 
• Baker’s cyst/ popiteal cyst 
• Discoid meniscus 
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Pellegrini steda diseases
• Synovial chondromatosis/ Reichel syndrome 
• Haglund’s deformity 
• Plantar fasciitis 
• Morton’s metatarsalgia/Morton’s neuroma 
• Medlung deformity 
• Battered baby syndrome/ silverman syndrome 

Go through the above-mentioned topics first, then, if time permits, study other topics as well. Hope this blog will help you to have an idea about what to prepare in Orthopedics for NEET PG.

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