Flashcard 1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Three M technique of HSV giant cell
Multinucleated
Moulding of nuclei
Margination of the nucleus
Flashcard 2. Stellate Granuloma
Seen in
Cat scratch disease - caused by Bartonella henselae
LGV lymphogranuloma venereum - caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Flashcard 3. Doughnut granuloma / Fibrin ring granuloma
Seen in Q fever - caused by Coxiella
Seen with Allopurinol
Also read: Excretory System Essentials: 20 High-Yield Q&As for Physiology NEET PG 2025
Flashcard 4 . Keloid
Formed due to trauma
Cross-wound margins
Most common site: Sternum
Treatment: Initial treatment by Intralesional injection of steroid (Triamcinolone)
Flashcard 5 . Macrophages
The cell is Langhan's giant cell fusion of macrophages.
Flashcard 6 . E- Lesch Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
Self Mutilation (a person biting his skin and nails).
Flashcard 7 . Fabry's Syndrome
Lipids in urine cause Maltese Cross Appearance. It's also seen in Nephrotic Syndrome.
Flashcard 8 . Microbiology as Babesia.
Teratoma
Tuft of hair present, hollow cavity, and Rokitansky Protuberance present. Cutting through Rokitansky Protuberance shows whether cancerous cells are present or not, indicating whether the teratoma has malignant tendencies.
Also read: An Intern's Comprehensive Guide to NEET PG Prep: Juggling Hospital Life and High-Yield Topics
Flashcard 9 . Human papillomavirus
It causes cervical cancer.
HPV consists of 2 proteins, E6 and E7.
The protein E6 will turn off the p53, and the E7 will affect the RB gene.
Koilocytes are the characteristic cells of HPV.
Flashcard 10 .HHV8
Human Herpesvirus 8 causes
Flashcard 11. Adenomyosis
Endometrial glands and stroma present inside the myometrium.
Glands and stromas should at least be 2.5 mm away from the endometrium myometrium junction. It looks like a bag of blood.
Also read: Biochemistry Essentials: Deep Dive into High-Yield Concepts and PYQs
Flashcard 12. Degenerations in Fibroids
1. Hyaline Degeneration (pink)
2. Calcific Degeneration
3. Red Degeneration:
It is beefy red and is associated with pregnant females.
Causes fever, and abdominal pain.
Investigation : ↑ WBCs and ↑ ESR.
Flashcard 13. Hydatidiform mole (H mole)
Gross : Bunch of grapes appearance
Microscopy : It shows hydropic villi (Edema fluid present)
Placenta has two cells:
Cytotrophoblast (mononuclear),
Syncytiotrophoblast (multinucleated)
Around hydropic villi, trophoblastic proliferation seen (Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast present)
Flashcard 14. Monodermal teratoma
Only one germ layer.
E.g., Struma ovarii (thyroid follicles/tissue in the ovary, that's functional and can produce T3, T4).
Thyroid follicles present are filled with colloids.
Flashcard 15. Cryptorchidism: On microscopic examination
Spermatogenesis is affected.
Supporting cells are in abundance.
Leydig cells hyperplasia.
Thickening of the basement membrane.
Also read: Last Minute Revision: High-Yield Pathology Concepts for Exams
Flashcard 16. Phyllodes Tumor
Earlier known as - Cystosarcoma phyllodes
It is a stromal tumor
Phyllodes (phylum) means leaf, and the tumor has a leaf-like structure
Has a cystic component, which may or may not be cancerous
Phyllodes tumors can be benign or malignant
Genetics
Gain of 1q
MED12 mutation
TERT mutation
Flashcard 17. Paget's Disease
The two similar Paget's diseases are of breast and vulva
Skin findings in breast Paget's are:
Crusting
Excoriation
Pruritus
Biopsy findings show:
Empty cells in the epithelium - called Paget's cells.
Stains: The cells have clear cytoplasm as it contains:
Glycogen - PAS positive.
Mucin - Mucicarmine positive.
Fats - Oil Red O positive.
Hormone profile of Paget's disease of breast:
ER-Negative
PR-Negative
Her2/Neu Positive
Also read: High-Yield Immunity Questions and Answers
Flashcard 18. Neuronal Tumors
Ganglioglioma - most common
Gangliocytoma
Neurocytoma
DNET (Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor)
Floating neurons in pools of mucopolysaccharide
Flashcard 19. Von Recklinghausen disease
Bone fractures lead to bleeding, which causes hemosiderin deposition (brown pigment).
This forms a brown colored tumor or osteitis fibrosa cystica.
Osteoclasts invade the medulla of bone, known as dissecting osteitis.
Flashcard 20. Molluscum Contagiosum
It is caused by a virus called the Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
Belongs to the poxviridae family
Box or a brick-shaped virus with a dumbbell-shaped DNA core
Belongs to the family of DNA virus
It is the largest virus - 300 nanometer
Clinical Appearance
These patients tend to present with umbilicated papules
Umbilicated means there will be a dot in the center (depression/crater)
When it is pressed, some cheesy, curdy material comes out
These lesions had a classical cup shape - open from the top
These cups are filled with pink color bodies called HP (Henderson Patterson) bodies
Also read: Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers
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