20 High-Yield Flashcards for Pathology NEET PG 2025

Flashcard 1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Three M technique of HSV giant cell

• Multinucleated
• Moulding of nuclei
• Margination of the nucleus

Flashcard 2. Stellate Granuloma

Seen in

• Cat scratch disease - caused by Bartonella henselae
• LGV lymphogranuloma venereum - caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 3. Doughnut granuloma / Fibrin ring granuloma

Seen in Q fever - caused by Coxiella

Seen with Allopurinol

Also read: Excretory System Essentials: 20 High-Yield Q&As for Physiology NEET PG 2025

Flashcard 4. Keloid

• Formed due to trauma
• Cross-wound margins
• Most common site: Sternum
• Treatment: Initial treatment by Intralesional injection of steroid (Triamcinolone)

Flashcard 5. Macrophages

The cell is Langhan's giant cell fusion of macrophages.

Flashcard 6. E- Lesch Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)

Self Mutilation (a person biting his skin and nails).

Flashcard 7. Fabry's Syndrome

Lipids in urine cause Maltese Cross Appearance. It's also seen in Nephrotic Syndrome.

Flashcard 8. Microbiology as Babesia.

Teratoma 

Tuft of hair present, hollow cavity, and Rokitansky Protuberance present. Cutting through Rokitansky Protuberance shows whether cancerous cells are present or not, indicating whether the teratoma has malignant tendencies.

Also read: An Intern's Comprehensive Guide to NEET PG Prep: Juggling Hospital Life and High-Yield Topics

Flashcard 9. Human papillomavirus

• It causes cervical cancer.
• HPV consists of 2 proteins, E6 and E7.
• The protein E6 will turn off the p53, and the E7 will affect the RB gene.
• Koilocytes are the characteristic cells of HPV.

Flashcard 10 .HHV8

Human Herpesvirus 8 causes

• Kaposi sarcoma - vascular tumour
• Primary effusion lymphoma
• Castleman's disease :
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats

Flashcard 11. Adenomyosis

Endometrial glands and stroma present inside the myometrium.

Glands and stromas should at least be 2.5 mm away from the endometrium myometrium junction. It looks like a bag of blood.

Also read: Biochemistry Essentials: Deep Dive into High-Yield Concepts and PYQs

Flashcard 12. Degenerations in Fibroids

1. Hyaline Degeneration (pink)

2. Calcific Degeneration

3. Red Degeneration:

It is beefy red and is associated with pregnant females.

• Causes fever, and abdominal pain.
• Investigation : ↑ WBCs and ↑ ESR.

Flashcard 13. Hydatidiform mole (H mole)

• Gross : Bunch of grapes appearance
• Microscopy : It shows hydropic villi (Edema fluid present)
• Placenta has two cells:
  • Cytotrophoblast (mononuclear),
  • Syncytiotrophoblast (multinucleated)
• Around hydropic villi, trophoblastic proliferation seen (Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast present)

Flashcard 14. Monodermal teratoma

• Only one germ layer.
• E.g., Struma ovarii (thyroid follicles/tissue in the ovary, that's functional and can produce T3, T4).
• Thyroid follicles present are filled with colloids.

Flashcard 15. Cryptorchidism: On microscopic examination

• Spermatogenesis is affected.
• Supporting cells are in abundance.
• Leydig cells hyperplasia.
• Thickening of the basement membrane.

Also read: Last Minute Revision: High-Yield Pathology Concepts for Exams

Flashcard 16. Phyllodes Tumor

• Earlier known as - Cystosarcoma phyllodes
• It is a stromal tumor
• Phyllodes (phylum) means leaf, and the tumor has a leaf-like structure
• Has a cystic component, which may or may not be cancerous
• Phyllodes tumors can be benign or malignant
• Genetics
  • Gain of 1q
  • MED12 mutation
  • TERT mutation

Flashcard 17. Paget's Disease

• The two similar Paget's diseases are of breast and vulva
• Skin findings in breast Paget's are:
  • Crusting
  • Excoriation
  • Pruritus
• Biopsy findings show:
  • Empty cells in the epithelium - called Paget's cells.
• Stains: The cells have clear cytoplasm as it contains:
  • Glycogen - PAS positive.
  • Mucin - Mucicarmine positive.
  • Fats - Oil Red O positive.
• Hormone profile of Paget's disease of breast:
  • ER-Negative
  • PR-Negative
  • Her2/Neu Positive

Also read: High-Yield Immunity Questions and Answers

Flashcard 18. Neuronal Tumors 

• Ganglioglioma - most common
• Gangliocytoma
• Neurocytoma
• DNET (Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor)
  • Floating neurons in pools of mucopolysaccharide

Flashcard 19. Von Recklinghausen disease

• Bone fractures lead to bleeding, which causes hemosiderin deposition (brown pigment).
• This forms a brown colored tumor or osteitis fibrosa cystica.
• Osteoclasts invade the medulla of bone, known as dissecting osteitis.

Flashcard 20. Molluscum Contagiosum

• It is caused by a virus called the Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
  • Belongs to the poxviridae family
    • Box or a brick-shaped virus with a dumbbell-shaped DNA core
  • Belongs to the family of DNA virus
  • It is the largest virus - 300 nanometer

Clinical Appearance

• These patients tend to present with umbilicated papules
  • Umbilicated means there will be a dot in the center (depression/crater)
  • When it is pressed, some cheesy, curdy material comes out
• These lesions had a classical cup shape - open from the top
  • These cups are filled with pink color bodies called HP (Henderson Patterson) bodies

Also read: Exam-Oriented Neoplasia Questions and Answers

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