How to Prepare ENT for PG Entrance Exams

ENT is a short but equally important subject for a student to crack NEET PG.

Considering the high weight age of ENT in almost all Medical PG exams, you must have an awareness of the approach to be used when preparing ENT for NEET PG.

Keeping the aspirants’ concerns in mind, we have compiled this article which will bring forth the Most Important Topics and also highlight the Best Books for ENT Preparation for NEET PG.

Toppers recommended Books for ENT Preparation

• EEE by Manisha Sinha
• Review of ENT by Sakshi Arora
• SSS ENT

ENT Most Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Here is a detailed list of the Most Important Topics under ENT:

EAR

Anatomy of External Ear and Middle Ear

• Temporal Bone Anatomy
• Anatomy of Ear
• External Ear
• Pinna
• External Auditory Canal
• Nerve Supply of Pinna and External Auditory Canal 
• Tympanic Membrane
• Middle Ear Cleft
• Anatomy of the Middle Ear Proper
• Facial Nerve Landmarks in The Middle Ear
• Contents of the Middle Ear 
• Mastoid Antrum
• Korner's Septum

Also read: Pathology Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Anatomy of Inner Ear

• Parts of Inner Ear 
• Vestibule
• Bony Recesses/Bony Depressions
• Semi-Circular Canals (SSC)
• Cochlea
• Fluids
• Membranous Labyrinth
• Endolymph
• Saccule and Utricle
• Perilymph
• Endolymph
• Organ of Corti
• Hair Cells
• Internal Auditory Canal
• Embryology
• Development of Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane
• Inner Ear Development
• Ossicles Development

Physiology of Hearing

• Mechanism of Hearing has 3 parts
• Steps involved in Sound Transmission
• Impedance Matching Mechanism
• Two mechanisms by which sound becomes more powerful
• Transduction
• Phase Difference
• Auditory Pathway 
• Order of Auditory Pathway
• Functions of Auditory Pathway

Assessment of Hearing

•  Format for the order of examination 
• Tuning Fork Tests
• Understanding air condition (AC) and bone conduction (BC)
• Rinne Test 
• WeberTest
• Absolute bone conducting test
• Bings Test
• Gelles Test
• Pure Tone Audiometry 
• Impedance Audiometry
• Stapedial Reflex
• Speech Audiometry
• Electrocochleography
• Brainstem evoked response audiometry
• Otoacoustic Emission
• Recruitment: (Test for cochlear Pathology)

Also read: Important Topics in Surgery for NEET-PG

Physiology of Vestibular System

• Nerve supply
• Understanding vestibular pathway
• Vestibular pathway
• Functioning Vestibular system

Assessment of Vestibular System

• Tests to check inner ear function
• Nystagmus
• Types:
  • Central Vs Peripheral lesion
  • Rules of Nystagmus
• Peripheral Nystagmus and Central Nystagmus
•  Induced nystagmus

Diseases of Vestibular System

• Disorders of the Vestibular System
• Meniere's Disease
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) 
• Diagnosis of BPPV
• Treatment
• Vestibular Neuronitis
• Clinical Features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Labyrinthitis 
• C/F
• Perilymph Fistula
• Causes:
  • Causes of Defect in Oval window
  • Causes of Defect in Round Window
  • Causes of Defect in Otic Capsule

Diseases of The External Ear

• Congenital Abnormalities of the Pinna
• Preauricular Sinus
• Preauricular Appendage
• Acquired Abnormalities
• Hematoma Auris 
• Perichondritis
• Keloid
• Congenital Abnormalities of the External Auditory Canal
• Atresia 
• Acquired Abnormalities of the External Auditory Canal
• Wax/Cerumen
• Localised Otitis Externa
• Diffuse Otitis Externa
• Malignant Otitis Externa 
• Otomycosis
• Foreign Body
• Keratosis Obturans 
• Ramsay Hunt Syndrome/Herpes Zoster Oticus 
• Diseases of the Tympanic Membrane
• Myringitis Bullosa Hemorrhagica 
• Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane

Also read: Important Must-Know Topics in Medicine For NEET PG

Eustachian Tube

• Dimensions of the Eustachian Tube
• Difference between Adult and Children
• Functions of the Eustachian Tube
• Disorders of Eustachian Tube
• Patulous Eustachian Tube
• Barotrauma
• Treatment of Barotrauma
• Tests for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Middle Ear Diseases : ASOM/SOM

• Pathophysiology of Middle Ear Disorder 
• Acute Suppurative Otitis Media 
• Routes of Infection
• Predisposing Factors
• Bacteriology
• Stages of ASOM 
• Summary of the Stages of ASOM
• Treatment of ASOM
• Necrotizing Otitis Media
• Non-Suppurative Otitis Media [Secretory OM, Serous OM, Glue Ear, OME] 
• Pathogenesis
• Etiology
• Symptoms
• Signs
• Conductive Hearing Loss
• Treatment

Middle Ear Diseases : Cholesteatoma

• Theories for formation of Cholesteatoma
• Classification
• Types of Cholesteatoma
• Properties of Cholesteatoma
• Symptoms
• Examination finding
• Diagnosis
• Treatment 
• Comparison between Canal wall up and canal wall down procedure

Also read: Anatomy Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Middle Ear Diseases: CSOM

• Types of CSOM 
• Examination of CSOM
• Treatment
• Medical treatment
• New classification for CSOM
• Tubercular Otitis Media 

Complications of ASOM and CSOM

• Routes of Spread
• Extracranial Complications
• Intracranial Complications
• Acute Mastoiditis
• Pathophysiology
• Signs
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Abscess in relation to mastoid
• Petrositis
• Labyrinthitis
• Circumscribed Labyrinthitis
• Diffuse Serous Labyrinthitis
• Diffuse Suppurative Labyrinthitis
• Intracranial Complications
• Meningitis
• Extradural Abscess
• Subdural Abscess
• Brain Abscess 
• Otitic Hydrocephalus

Otosclerosis

• Anatomy of Labyrinth/ InnerEar
• Otosclerosis
• Site of Stapedial Otosclerosis
• Types of Otosclerosis
• Aetiology
• Trigger factors for Otosclerosis
• Syndrome Associated with Otosclerosis
• Pathology
• Pathophysiology
• Symptoms
• Symptoms of Cochlear Otosclerosis
• Stapedial Otosclerosis: Tests 
• Audiometry 
• Cochlear Otosclerosis: Tests
• Cochlear Otosclerosis
• Treatment
• Local Anesthesia vs General Anesthesia

Facial Nerve And Acoustic Neuroma

• Facial Nerve 
• Unilateral supra-nuclear palsy
• Bilateral SupranuclearPalsy
• LMN Lesion
• Anatomy of facial nerve
• Three parts of facial nerve
• Facial Nerve in Brainstem
• Intracranial Course of Facial Nerve
• Intratemporal Course of Facial Nerve
• Topodiagnosis
• Tests to understand the extent of the nerve lesions:
• Surgical Landmarks of Facial Nerve
• Bell's Palsy 
• Melkerson' Rosenthal syndrome
• Ramsey-Hunt Syndrome
• Fractures of Temporal Bone
• Electrophysiological Tests in Facial Palsy
• Faulty Reinnervation
• Heerfordt Syndrome
• Acoustic Neuroma
• Origin
• Symptoms
• Growth
• Classification
• Clinical Features
• Audiology
• Investigations

Also read: Pharmacology Important Topics For Neet PG 2025

Meniere's Disease

• Anatomy of the Inner Ear
• Fluids Inside the Ear
• Other Reasons of these Symptoms
• Types of Meniere's Disease
• Predisposing Factors
• Cardinal Features of Meniere's
• Low-Frequency Hearing Loss
• Tullio's Phenomenon 
• Examination
• Electrocochleography
• Audiogram
• Role of MRI with Gadolinium Contrast
• Variants of Meniere's Disease
• Secondary Meniere's
• Treatment: General Measures
• Pharmacological Treatment

Glomus Tumor

• Microscopic
• Types of Glomus 
• Spread
• Clinical features based on the spread
• Clinical features due to excess Catecholamines
• Diagnosis
• Radiological Signs
• Treatment of choice
• Fisch Classification

Hearing Rehabilitation

• Cochlear Implant (CI) 
• Indications/Contraindications of Hearing Implant
• Essential Criteria Prior to doing an Implant
• Parts of Cochlear Implant
• Preoperative Evaluation
• Complications of Facial recess approach
• Post-Operative Assessment
• Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
• Auditory Brainstem Implant

Also read: Important Topics in Microbiology for NEET-PG 2025

Otalogia and Tinnitus

• Otalgia: Pain in the ear
• Classified Based on the Cause 
• Mechanism of Referred Otalgia
• Tinnitus
• Causes of Tinnitus
• Treatment of Tinnitus

Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

Anatomy of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

• Anatomy of Nose
• External Nose Anatomy 
• Internal Nose Anatomy/Nasal Cavity Proper
• Vestibule
• Choana
• Roof of the Nose
• Floor of the Nose
• Medial Wall (Septum) 
• Lateral Wall of the Nose 
• Inferior Meatus of the Nose
• Drainage of Sinuses 
• Anatomy of Middle Meatus of the Nose
• Anatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
• Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Highmore) 
• Frontal Sinus 
• Ethmoidal Sinus 
• Sphenoid Sinus
• Lining Membrane of the Nose
• Venous Drainage of the Nose
• Foramen on the medial wall of the orbit
• Functions of the Nasal Cavity
• Inspiratory and Expiratory Currents
• Mucociliary Clearance 
• Olfactory Tract
• Upsit Test (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test)
• Rhinomanometry

Diseases of The External Nose

• Saddle Nose Deformity
• Hump-Nose Deformity
• Crooked Nose and Deviated Nose
• Rhinophyma 
• Malignancy - Basal Cell Carcinoma 
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Also read: Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Important Topics For NEET PG 2025

Acute And Chronic Rhinitis

• Rhinitis
• Allergic Rhinitis 
• Pathophysiology of Allergy
• Types of Allergy
• Vasomotor rhinitis or Non-allergic rhinitis
• Rhinitis Medicamentosa versus Drug-Induced Rhinitis
• Atrophic Rhinitis 
• Two types of Atrophic rhinitis
• Theories of Primary atrophic rhinitis
• Examination findings
• Rhinitis Sicca
• Rhinitis Caseosa (Nasal Cholesteatoma)

CSF Rhinorrhea

• Non-traumatic causes (spontaneous)
• Clinical Presentation
• Differentiation of CSF Rhinorrhea from Simple Rhinorrhea
• Sniff Test
• Halo Sign, Target Sign, or Double Ring Sign
• Reservoir Sign
• Handkerchief Test
• Biochemical Analysis
• Glucose Estimation Test
• BETA-2 Transferrin Test
• Beta-Trace Protein
• Radiological Examination
• HRCT of temporal bone
• CT Cisternography
• MRI
• Management of CSF Rhinorrhea
• Conservative Rx
• Surgical management

Granulomatous Lesions of The Nose

• Rhinoscleroma 
• Mode of acquiring infection
• Clinical Features
• Spread
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Rhinosporidiosis 
• Prevalence
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Comparison between Rhinoscleroma and Rhinosporidiosis
• Tuberculosis 
• Symptomatology in Nose
• Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
• Lupus Vulgaris
• Leprosy
• Sarcoidosis
• Identification of Sarcoidosis
• Treatment

Also read: Important Topics in Physiology for NEET-PG 2025

Congenital Anomalies of The Nose

• Choanal Atresia 
• Etiology
• Types of choanal atresia
• Charge Syndrome
• Meningocele / Meningoencephalocele
• Etiology
• Clinical feature of Meningocele
• Treatment of Meningocele
• Glioma
• Dermoid
• Etiology
• Clinical Features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Comparative Chart

Nasal Polyps

• Antrochoanal Polyp 
• The Three Parts of the Polyp
• Clinical Features/Symptoms
• Examination findings
• Differential diagnosis of Unilateral Nasal Mass
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Ethmoidal Polyps
• Origin
• Extent
• Age Group
• Etiology
• Associated Syndromes
• Triad Associated with Ethmoidal Polyp 

Epistaxis

• Epistaxis 
• Management of Epistaxis
• Trotters' method
• Hippocrates method
• Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)
• Management of HHT

Facial Trauma

• Facial Trauma
• Fractures of the face
• Fractures of Nose 
• Treatment of fractures
• Zygomatic Fracture
• Clinical features
• Nerve affected
• Deformity
• Treatment
• Fracture floor of Orbit 
• Clinical Features
• Radiological examination
• Traction test (forced reduction test)
• Treatment
• Fracture of maxilla or Le Fort fracture
• Fractures of mandible
• Clinical Features

Also read: NEET PG 2025 - High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics 

Sinusitis And Its Complications

• Sinusitis
• Etiology
• Sinusitis secondary to dental infection
• Clinical features of Acute sinusitis
• Diagnosis of Acute sinusitis
• Treatment of Acute sinusitis
• Chronic Sinusitis
• Treatment 
• AFRS (Allergic Fungal Rhino Sinusitis) 
• Mucormycosis 
• Complications of Sinusitis 
• Pott's puffy tumor
• Mucocoele
• Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
• Etiology
• Treatment
• Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis V/S Orbital Cellulitis
• Syndromes

Tumors Of The Nose And Sinuses

The Classification of Benign and Malignant Tumors Includes the Following:

• Inverted Papilloma 
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Osteoma
• Treatment
• Fibrous Dysplasia
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Treatment
• Olfactory Neuroblastoma
• Treatment

Malignancies Of Paranasal Sinuses

• Etiology
• Morphological Classification
• Clinical Features
• Diagnosis
• Prognostic Classification
• Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

Septal Diseases

• Deviated Nasal Septum
• Etiology
• Types
• Clinical features
• Cottles Line
• Cottle's Test
• Surgery
• Septal Hematoma 
• Etiology
• Clinical features
• Examination findings
• Treatment
• Septal Abscess
• Etiology
• Clinical Features
• Treatment
• Complications
• Perforation of Septum 
• Etiology
• Symptoms
• Treatment

Also read: OBGYN Important Topics for NEET-PG 2025

Pharynx

Anatomy of Pharynx and Pharyngeal Spaces

• Derivatives of the Pharynx from Embryological Arches 
• Development of Tongue
• Structures between the Base of the Skull and the Pharynx
• Pharynx
• Oral Cavity 
• Division of Pharynx
• 3 Divisions of the Pharynx
• Structures of Pharyngeal Wall
• Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx
• Nasopharynx 
• Oropharynx 
• Functions of Oropharynx
• Hypopharynx
• Subdivisions
• Applied Anatomy
• Functions
• Waldeyer's Ring
• The lymphoid tissues in the Waldeyer's Ring
• Anatomy of the Pharyngeal Spaces 

Adenoids And Tonsils

• Anatomy
• Adenoid Hypertrophy 
• Adenoidectomy 
• Thornwarldt's Bursa/Pharyngeal Bursa
• Tonsils
• Blood Supply
• Lymphatic Supply
• Tonsillitis
• Acute Tonsillitis
• Differences Between Membranous Tonsillitis and Diphtheria 
• Chronic Tonsillitis
• Tonsillectomy Indications 
• Contraindications of Tonsillectomy
• Tonsillectomy

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

• Staging (Radkowski’s)
• Treatment 
• Nasopharyngeal Cancer 
• Etiology
• Extension and Clinical Symptoms
• Trotter's Triad 
• Lymphatic Spread
• Diagnosis

Ludwig's Angina and Pharyngeal Pouch

• Ludwig's Angina 
• Pharyngeal Pouch
• Pathophysiology

Also read: NEET PG 2025: High-Yield Topics for Ophthalmology

Abscess In Relation To The Pharynx

• Pharyngeal Spaces
• Spaces
• Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy) 
• Parapharyngeal Abscess 
• Retropharyngeal Abscess
• Acute Retropharyngeal Abscess
• Chronic Retropharyngeal Abscess
• Prevertebral Abscess 
• Difference Between Retropharyngeal Abscess and Prevertebral Abscess

Larynx

Anatomy of Larynx

• Cartilage
• Thyroid cartilage 
• Cricoid Cartilage
• Arytenoid Cartilage 
• Corniculate and Cuneiform cartilage
• Subdivisions of Larynx
• Membranes
• Laryngeal Cavity
• Epithelium
• Lymphatics
• Muscles of Larynx
• Spaces of Larynx
• Functions of larynx
• Difference between Adult and Infant Larynx

Inflammatory Conditions of The Larynx

• Acute Epiglottitis 
• Acute laryngo-Tracheo-bronchitis/Croup 

Benign Inflammatory Lesions Of The Larynx

• Contact Ulcer / Pachyderma Laryngitis / Kissing Ulcer
• Cause
• Pseudoulcer
• Differential Diagnosis
• HPE findings
• Treatment
• Keratosis Larynx/Leukoplakia 
• Differentiation diagnosis
• Reinke's Oedema 
• Tuberculosis of Larynx
• Lupus of Larynx
• Laryngeal Papillomas 
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Vocal Nodule and Polyp 

Voice Pathologies

• Voice Pathology
• Laryngeal Examination (Laryngoscopy) 
• Thyroplasty

Also read: PSM Important High-Yield Topics For NEET PG 2025

Congenital Lesions of Larynx And Stridor

• Laryngomalacia 
• Clinical Features
• Inspiration and Expiration
• Supine and Prone Position
• Crying
• Shape of Epiglottis
• Treatment
• Subglottic Stenosis
• Classification of Subglottic Stenosis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Role of Mitomycin C
• Laryngeal Web
• Treatment
• Subglottic Hemangioma
• Treatment
• Comparison
• Stridor 
• Types
• Causes of Stridor
• Cricothyrotomy
• Tracheostomy 
• Foreign Bodies of Air Passages
• Size of Foreign Body and Location
• Clinical Features
• Tracheal foreign body
• Bronchial Foreign Body
• Investigations
• Management of Laryngeal Foreign Body
• Management of Bronchial Foreign Body

Laryngeal Paralysis

• Vocal Cord Paralysis 
• Anatomy of Larynx
• Nerve supply of Larynx 
• Causes of vocal cord paralysis
• Causes of RLN and SLN injury
• Functions
• Position of the vocal cords
• Position of vocal cord in health & disease
• Nerve Palsy
• Unilateral RLN Palsy
• Bilateral RLN Palsy
• Unilateral SLN Palsy
• Bilateral SLN Palsy
• Unilateral Combined palsy (RLN + SLN)
• Bilateral Combined Palsy (RLN + SLN)
• RLN Identification
• Relation to inferior thyroid artery
• Triangles to identify the RLN
• Beahrs Triangle
• LORE's triangle
• Simons Triangle
• SLN Identification
• Joll’s Triangle
• Cricothyroid space of Reeves

Laryngeal Carcinoma

• Types of Laryngeal Carcinoma 
• Investigations
• Staging 
• TNM Classification
• Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer 
• Stage 1 and Stage 2
• Stage 3 and Stage 4A
• Different ways of Rehabilitation
• Esophageal Speech 
• Tracheo-Oesophageal Speech

Also read: Important Topics in Biochemistry for NEET-PG 2025

Miscellaneous Topics

Radiology In ENT

• X-ray of Paranasal Sinus
• Pathologies of the paranasal sinus
• CT scans
• X-ray of the mastoid region
• Common ENT Pathologies
• Sialography
• CT Cisternography

Instruments

• Jobson Horne Probe with Ring Curette
• Hartmann Tuning Fork
• Siegel's Pneumatic Speculum
• Otoscope with Pneumatic Attachment
• Simpsons Aural Syringe
• Politzers Myringotome
• Grommet
• Mollison Self Retaining Hemostatic Mastoid Retractor
• Plester's Mastoid Retractor
• Wietlaner’s Mastoid Retractor
• Jansens Mastoid Retractor
• Perkins Mastoid Retractor
• Thudicum's Nasal Speculum
• Killian's Long and Short bladed nasal speculum
• St. Clair Thompson posterior rhinoscopic mirror
• Walshams Forceps
• Asch Septal Forceps
• Boyle Davis Mouth Gag/Russel Davis tongue blade
• Draffins Bipod
• Magauren Plate
• St Clair Thompson Adenoidectomy Curette with Cage
• Mollison Tonsillar Dissector and Anterior Pillar Retractor
• Eve’s Tonsillar Snare
• Lacs Tongue Depressor
• Indirect laryngoscopic mirror
• Rigid direct laryngoscope
• Kliensasser Suspension Laryngoscope for MLS
• Trousseau Tracheal Dilator
• Head Mirror
• Bulls Eye Lamp

ENT Surgeries

• Adenoidectomy
• Tonsillectomy
• Immediate Complications
• Delayed Complications
• Septoplasty
• Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
• Cortical Mastoidectomy
• Myringoplasty
• Radical Mastoidectomy
• Tympanoplasty

Also read: Important Topics in Orthopedics for NEET-PG 2025

Thoroughly preparing the above-listed topics would surely help you solve 90% of the ENT questions in any PG exam.

Nowadays, Image Based Questions are frequently asked in the exams. In order to maximize your score in Image Based Questions, you must study Images in Theory side by side through the preparation.

You can also practice NBE style image based questions on PrepLadder’s free test series.

We are sure that the information shared above will definitely help you to excel in your preparation of ENT for NEET PG.

For more assistance pertaining to NEET PG preparation, post your queries in the Comments section below!

Hope you found this blog helpful for your E-learning for NEET PG ENT. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs. 

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