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How to Prepare ENT for PG Entrance Exams

Apr 24, 2025

ENT is a short but equally important subject for a student to crack NEET PG.

Considering the high weight age of ENT in almost all Medical PG exams, you must have an awareness of the approach to be used when preparing ENT for NEET PG.

Keeping the aspirants’ concerns in mind, we have compiled this article which will bring forth the Most Important Topics and also highlight the Best Books for ENT Preparation for NEET PG.

Toppers recommended Books for ENT Preparation

EEE by Manisha Sinha
Review of ENT by Sakshi Arora
SSS ENT

ENT Most Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Here is a detailed list of the Most Important Topics under ENT:

EAR

Anatomy of External Ear and Middle Ear

Temporal Bone Anatomy
Anatomy of Ear
External Ear
Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Nerve Supply of Pinna and External Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane
Middle Ear Cleft
Anatomy of the Middle Ear Proper
Facial Nerve Landmarks in The Middle Ear
Contents of the Middle Ear
Mastoid Antrum
Korner's Septum

Also read: Pathology Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Anatomy of Inner Ear

Parts of Inner Ear
Vestibule
Bony Recesses/Bony Depressions
Semi-Circular Canals (SSC)
Cochlea
Fluids
Membranous Labyrinth
Endolymph
Saccule and Utricle
Perilymph
Endolymph
Organ of Corti
Hair Cells
Internal Auditory Canal
Embryology
Development of Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane
Inner Ear Development
Ossicles Development

Physiology of Hearing

Mechanism of Hearing has 3 parts
Steps involved in Sound Transmission
Impedance Matching Mechanism
Two mechanisms by which sound becomes more powerful
Transduction
Phase Difference
Auditory Pathway
Order of Auditory Pathway
Functions of Auditory Pathway

Assessment of Hearing

Format for the order of examination
Tuning Fork Tests
Understanding air condition (AC) and bone conduction (BC)
Rinne Test
WeberTest
Absolute bone conducting test
Bings Test
Gelles Test
Pure Tone Audiometry
Impedance Audiometry
Stapedial Reflex
Speech Audiometry
Electrocochleography
Brainstem evoked response audiometry
Otoacoustic Emission
Recruitment: (Test for cochlear Pathology)

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Physiology of Vestibular System

Nerve supply
Understanding vestibular pathway
Vestibular pathway
Functioning Vestibular system

Assessment of Vestibular System

Tests to check inner ear function
Nystagmus
Types:
- Central Vs Peripheral lesion
- Rules of Nystagmus
Peripheral Nystagmus and Central Nystagmus
Induced nystagmus

Diseases of Vestibular System

Disorders of the Vestibular System
Meniere's Disease
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Diagnosis of BPPV
Treatment
Vestibular Neuronitis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Labyrinthitis
C/F
Perilymph Fistula
Causes:
- Causes of Defect in Oval window
- Causes of Defect in Round Window
- Causes of Defect in Otic Capsule

Diseases of The External Ear

Congenital Abnormalities of the Pinna
Preauricular Sinus
Preauricular Appendage
Acquired Abnormalities
Hematoma Auris
Perichondritis
Keloid
Congenital Abnormalities of the External Auditory Canal
Atresia
Acquired Abnormalities of the External Auditory Canal
Wax/Cerumen
Localised Otitis Externa
Diffuse Otitis Externa
Malignant Otitis Externa
Otomycosis
Foreign Body
Keratosis Obturans
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome/Herpes Zoster Oticus
Diseases of the Tympanic Membrane
Myringitis Bullosa Hemorrhagica
Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane

Also read: Important Must-Know Topics in Medicine For NEET PG

Middle Ear Diseases : ASOM/SOM

Pathophysiology of Middle Ear Disorder
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
Routes of Infection
Predisposing Factors
Bacteriology
Stages of ASOM
Summary of the Stages of ASOM
Treatment of ASOM
Necrotizing Otitis Media
Non-Suppurative Otitis Media [Secretory OM, Serous OM, Glue Ear, OME]
Pathogenesis
Etiology
Symptoms
Signs
Conductive Hearing Loss
Treatment

Middle Ear Diseases : Cholesteatoma

Theories for formation of Cholesteatoma
Classification
Types of Cholesteatoma
Properties of Cholesteatoma
Symptoms
Examination finding
Diagnosis
Treatment
Comparison between Canal wall up and canal wall down procedure

Also read: Anatomy Important Topics for NEET PG 2025

Middle Ear Diseases: CSOM

Types of CSOM
Examination of CSOM
Treatment
Medical treatment
New classification for CSOM
Tubercular Otitis Media

Complications of ASOM and CSOM

Routes of Spread
Extracranial Complications
Intracranial Complications
Acute Mastoiditis
Pathophysiology
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Abscess in relation to mastoid
Petrositis
Labyrinthitis
Circumscribed Labyrinthitis
Diffuse Serous Labyrinthitis
Diffuse Suppurative Labyrinthitis
Intracranial Complications
Meningitis
Extradural Abscess
Subdural Abscess
Brain Abscess
Otitic Hydrocephalus

Otosclerosis

Anatomy of Labyrinth/ InnerEar
Otosclerosis
Site of Stapedial Otosclerosis
Types of Otosclerosis
Aetiology
Trigger factors for Otosclerosis
Syndrome Associated with Otosclerosis
Pathology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Symptoms of Cochlear Otosclerosis
Stapedial Otosclerosis: Tests
Audiometry
Cochlear Otosclerosis: Tests
Cochlear Otosclerosis
Treatment
Local Anesthesia vs General Anesthesia

Facial Nerve And Acoustic Neuroma

Facial Nerve
Unilateral supra-nuclear palsy
Bilateral SupranuclearPalsy
LMN Lesion
Anatomy of facial nerve
Three parts of facial nerve
Facial Nerve in Brainstem
Intracranial Course of Facial Nerve
Intratemporal Course of Facial Nerve
Topodiagnosis
Tests to understand the extent of the nerve lesions:
Surgical Landmarks of Facial Nerve
Bell's Palsy
Melkerson' Rosenthal syndrome
Ramsey-Hunt Syndrome
Fractures of Temporal Bone
Electrophysiological Tests in Facial Palsy
Faulty Reinnervation
Heerfordt Syndrome
Acoustic Neuroma
Origin
Symptoms
Growth
Classification
Clinical Features
Audiology
Investigations

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Meniere's Disease

Anatomy of the Inner Ear
Fluids Inside the Ear
Other Reasons of these Symptoms
Types of Meniere's Disease
Predisposing Factors
Cardinal Features of Meniere's
Low-Frequency Hearing Loss
Tullio's Phenomenon
Examination
Electrocochleography
Audiogram
Role of MRI with Gadolinium Contrast
Variants of Meniere's Disease
Secondary Meniere's
Treatment: General Measures
Pharmacological Treatment

Glomus Tumor

Microscopic
Types of Glomus
Spread
Clinical features based on the spread
Clinical features due to excess Catecholamines
Diagnosis
Radiological Signs
Treatment of choice
Fisch Classification

Hearing Rehabilitation

Cochlear Implant (CI)
Indications/Contraindications of Hearing Implant
Essential Criteria Prior to doing an Implant
Parts of Cochlear Implant
Preoperative Evaluation
Complications of Facial recess approach
Post-Operative Assessment
Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
Auditory Brainstem Implant

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Otalogia and Tinnitus

Otalgia: Pain in the ear
Classified Based on the Cause
Mechanism of Referred Otalgia
Tinnitus
Causes of Tinnitus
Treatment of Tinnitus

Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

Anatomy of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

Anatomy of Nose
External Nose Anatomy
Internal Nose Anatomy/Nasal Cavity Proper
Vestibule
Choana
Roof of the Nose
Floor of the Nose
Medial Wall (Septum)
Lateral Wall of the Nose
Inferior Meatus of the Nose
Drainage of Sinuses
Anatomy of Middle Meatus of the Nose
Anatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Highmore)
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoidal Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Lining Membrane of the Nose
Venous Drainage of the Nose
Foramen on the medial wall of the orbit
Functions of the Nasal Cavity
Inspiratory and Expiratory Currents
Mucociliary Clearance
Olfactory Tract
Upsit Test (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test)
Rhinomanometry

Diseases of The External Nose

Saddle Nose Deformity
Hump-Nose Deformity
Crooked Nose and Deviated Nose
Rhinophyma
Malignancy - Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Acute And Chronic Rhinitis

Rhinitis
Allergic Rhinitis
Pathophysiology of Allergy
Types of Allergy
Vasomotor rhinitis or Non-allergic rhinitis
Rhinitis Medicamentosa versus Drug-Induced Rhinitis
Atrophic Rhinitis
Two types of Atrophic rhinitis
Theories of Primary atrophic rhinitis
Examination findings
Rhinitis Sicca
Rhinitis Caseosa (Nasal Cholesteatoma)

CSF Rhinorrhea

Non-traumatic causes (spontaneous)
Clinical Presentation
Differentiation of CSF Rhinorrhea from Simple Rhinorrhea
Sniff Test
Halo Sign, Target Sign, or Double Ring Sign
Reservoir Sign
Handkerchief Test
Biochemical Analysis
Glucose Estimation Test
BETA-2 Transferrin Test
Beta-Trace Protein
Radiological Examination
HRCT of temporal bone
CT Cisternography
MRI
Management of CSF Rhinorrhea
Conservative Rx
Surgical management

Granulomatous Lesions of The Nose

Rhinoscleroma
Mode of acquiring infection
Clinical Features
Spread
Diagnosis
Treatment
Rhinosporidiosis
Prevalence
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Comparison between Rhinoscleroma and Rhinosporidiosis
Tuberculosis
Symptomatology in Nose
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Lupus Vulgaris
Leprosy
Sarcoidosis
Identification of Sarcoidosis
Treatment

Also read: Important Topics in Physiology for NEET-PG 2025

Congenital Anomalies of The Nose

Choanal Atresia
Etiology
Types of choanal atresia
Charge Syndrome
Meningocele / Meningoencephalocele
Etiology
Clinical feature of Meningocele
Treatment of Meningocele
Glioma
Dermoid
Etiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Comparative Chart

Nasal Polyps

Antrochoanal Polyp
The Three Parts of the Polyp
Clinical Features/Symptoms
Examination findings
Differential diagnosis of Unilateral Nasal Mass
Diagnosis
Treatment
Ethmoidal Polyps
Origin
Extent
Age Group
Etiology
Associated Syndromes
Triad Associated with Ethmoidal Polyp

Epistaxis

Epistaxis
Management of Epistaxis
Trotters' method
Hippocrates method
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)
Management of HHT

Facial Trauma

Facial Trauma
Fractures of the face
Fractures of Nose
Treatment of fractures
Zygomatic Fracture
Clinical features
Nerve affected
Deformity
Treatment
Fracture floor of Orbit
Clinical Features
Radiological examination
Traction test (forced reduction test)
Treatment
Fracture of maxilla or Le Fort fracture
Fractures of mandible
Clinical Features

Also read: NEET PG 2025 - High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics

Sinusitis And Its Complications

Sinusitis
Etiology
Sinusitis secondary to dental infection
Clinical features of Acute sinusitis
Diagnosis of Acute sinusitis
Treatment of Acute sinusitis
Chronic Sinusitis
Treatment
AFRS (Allergic Fungal Rhino Sinusitis)
Mucormycosis
Complications of Sinusitis
Pott's puffy tumor
Mucocoele
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Etiology
Treatment
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis V/S Orbital Cellulitis
Syndromes

Tumors Of The Nose And Sinuses

The Classification of Benign and Malignant Tumors Includes the Following:

Inverted Papilloma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Osteoma
Treatment
Fibrous Dysplasia
Diagnosis
Treatment
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Treatment
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Treatment

Malignancies Of Paranasal Sinuses

Etiology
Morphological Classification
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Prognostic Classification
Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

Septal Diseases

Deviated Nasal Septum
Etiology
Types
Clinical features
Cottles Line
Cottle's Test
Surgery
Septal Hematoma
Etiology
Clinical features
Examination findings
Treatment
Septal Abscess
Etiology
Clinical Features
Treatment
Complications
Perforation of Septum
Etiology
Symptoms
Treatment

Also read: OBGYN Important Topics for NEET-PG 2025

Pharynx

Anatomy of Pharynx and Pharyngeal Spaces

Derivatives of the Pharynx from Embryological Arches
Development of Tongue
Structures between the Base of the Skull and the Pharynx
Pharynx
Oral Cavity
Division of Pharynx
3 Divisions of the Pharynx
Structures of Pharyngeal Wall
Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Functions of Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
Subdivisions
Applied Anatomy
Functions
Waldeyer's Ring
The lymphoid tissues in the Waldeyer's Ring
Anatomy of the Pharyngeal Spaces

Adenoids And Tonsils

Anatomy
Adenoid Hypertrophy
Adenoidectomy
Thornwarldt's Bursa/Pharyngeal Bursa
Tonsils
Blood Supply
Lymphatic Supply
Tonsillitis
Acute Tonsillitis
Differences Between Membranous Tonsillitis and Diphtheria
Chronic Tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy Indications
Contraindications of Tonsillectomy
Tonsillectomy

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Staging (Radkowski’s)
Treatment
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Etiology
Extension and Clinical Symptoms
Trotter's Triad
Lymphatic Spread
Diagnosis

Ludwig's Angina and Pharyngeal Pouch

Ludwig's Angina
Pharyngeal Pouch
Pathophysiology

Also read: NEET PG 2025: High-Yield Topics for Ophthalmology

Abscess In Relation To The Pharynx

Pharyngeal Spaces
Spaces
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)
Parapharyngeal Abscess
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Acute Retropharyngeal Abscess
Chronic Retropharyngeal Abscess
Prevertebral Abscess
Difference Between Retropharyngeal Abscess and Prevertebral Abscess

Larynx

Anatomy of Larynx

Cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage
Corniculate and Cuneiform cartilage
Subdivisions of Larynx
Membranes
Laryngeal Cavity
Epithelium
Lymphatics
Muscles of Larynx
Spaces of Larynx
Functions of larynx
Difference between Adult and Infant Larynx

Inflammatory Conditions of The Larynx

Acute Epiglottitis
Acute laryngo-Tracheo-bronchitis/Croup

Benign Inflammatory Lesions Of The Larynx

Contact Ulcer / Pachyderma Laryngitis / Kissing Ulcer
Cause
Pseudoulcer
Differential Diagnosis
HPE findings
Treatment
Keratosis Larynx/Leukoplakia
Differentiation diagnosis
Reinke's Oedema
Tuberculosis of Larynx
Lupus of Larynx
Laryngeal Papillomas
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vocal Nodule and Polyp

Voice Pathologies

Voice Pathology
Laryngeal Examination (Laryngoscopy)
Thyroplasty

Also read: PSM Important High-Yield Topics For NEET PG 2025

Congenital Lesions of Larynx And Stridor

Laryngomalacia
Clinical Features
Inspiration and Expiration
Supine and Prone Position
Crying
Shape of Epiglottis
Treatment
Subglottic Stenosis
Classification of Subglottic Stenosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Role of Mitomycin C
Laryngeal Web
Treatment
Subglottic Hemangioma
Treatment
Comparison
Stridor
Types
Causes of Stridor
Cricothyrotomy
Tracheostomy
Foreign Bodies of Air Passages
Size of Foreign Body and Location
Clinical Features
Tracheal foreign body
Bronchial Foreign Body
Investigations
Management of Laryngeal Foreign Body
Management of Bronchial Foreign Body

Laryngeal Paralysis

Vocal Cord Paralysis
Anatomy of Larynx
Nerve supply of Larynx
Causes of vocal cord paralysis
Causes of RLN and SLN injury
Functions
Position of the vocal cords
Position of vocal cord in health & disease
Nerve Palsy
Unilateral RLN Palsy
Bilateral RLN Palsy
Unilateral SLN Palsy
Bilateral SLN Palsy
Unilateral Combined palsy (RLN + SLN)
Bilateral Combined Palsy (RLN + SLN)
RLN Identification
Relation to inferior thyroid artery
Triangles to identify the RLN
Beahrs Triangle
LORE's triangle
Simons Triangle
SLN Identification
Joll’s Triangle
Cricothyroid space of Reeves

Laryngeal Carcinoma

Types of Laryngeal Carcinoma
Investigations
Staging
TNM Classification
Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer
Stage 1 and Stage 2
Stage 3 and Stage 4A
Different ways of Rehabilitation
Esophageal Speech
Tracheo-Oesophageal Speech

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Miscellaneous Topics

Radiology In ENT

X-ray of Paranasal Sinus
Pathologies of the paranasal sinus
CT scans
X-ray of the mastoid region
Common ENT Pathologies
Sialography
CT Cisternography

Instruments

Jobson Horne Probe with Ring Curette
Hartmann Tuning Fork
Siegel's Pneumatic Speculum
Otoscope with Pneumatic Attachment
Simpsons Aural Syringe
Politzers Myringotome
Grommet
Mollison Self Retaining Hemostatic Mastoid Retractor
Plester's Mastoid Retractor
Wietlaner’s Mastoid Retractor
Jansens Mastoid Retractor
Perkins Mastoid Retractor
Thudicum's Nasal Speculum
Killian's Long and Short bladed nasal speculum
St. Clair Thompson posterior rhinoscopic mirror
Walshams Forceps
Asch Septal Forceps
Boyle Davis Mouth Gag/Russel Davis tongue blade
Draffins Bipod
Magauren Plate
St Clair Thompson Adenoidectomy Curette with Cage
Mollison Tonsillar Dissector and Anterior Pillar Retractor
Eve’s Tonsillar Snare
Lacs Tongue Depressor
Indirect laryngoscopic mirror
Rigid direct laryngoscope
Kliensasser Suspension Laryngoscope for MLS
Trousseau Tracheal Dilator
Head Mirror
Bulls Eye Lamp

ENT Surgeries

Adenoidectomy
Tonsillectomy
Immediate Complications
Delayed Complications
Septoplasty
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Cortical Mastoidectomy
Myringoplasty
Radical Mastoidectomy
Tympanoplasty

Also read: Important Topics in Orthopedics for NEET-PG 2025

Thoroughly preparing the above-listed topics would surely help you solve 90% of the ENT questions in any PG exam.

Nowadays, Image Based Questions are frequently asked in the exams. In order to maximize your score in Image Based Questions, you must study Images in Theory side by side through the preparation.

You can also practice NBE style image based questions on PrepLadder’s free test series.

We are sure that the information shared above will definitely help you to excel in your preparation of ENT for NEET PG.

For more assistance pertaining to NEET PG preparation, post your queries in the Comments section below!

Hope you found this blog helpful for your E-learning for NEET PG ENT. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.

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