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NEET PG 2026 - High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics

Dec 16, 2024

NEET PG 2025 - High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics

With just eleven months left for NEET PG 2026, the preparation of all aspiring candidates is in full swing. But what if we tell you there's a way to make your prep more productive and fruitful?

Curious?

In addition to developing a thorough understanding of a subject, it's also vital to ensure that the learned material is rightly stored in the brain's recesses and can be swiftly pulled out when you finally appear for the exam.

Focused and planned preparation can help you enhance knowledge retention. So, during the final months of your prep, pay attention to the most important topics instead of poring over the entire study material of a subject. In this blog, you will find a list of high-yield topics for pediatrics that will cover you for the upcoming NEET PG 2026.

High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics

Every year, 15-20 questions in the NEET PG exam are asked from pediatrics. Therefore, PrepLadder, with the help of our expert faculty, Dr. Meenakshi Bothra, has come up with a list of high-yield topics for Pediatrics. Take a look.

Also Read: High Yield Topics for Pharmacology & Radiology

You can check out this video by Dr. Meenakshi Bothra.

High Yield Topics Pediatrics NEET PG

Assessment of Growth and Growth Charts

Growth
Growth is assessed using Important Anthropometric parameters
Growth Charts

Normal Anthropometric Parameters

Weight
Precautions While Checking Weight of Baby
Actual Weight Gain in Different Age Group
Expected Weight at Different Age Groups
Height (Length)
Precautions While Checking Height of Baby Using Stadiometer
Length/ Height of Child
Rate at Which Height Increases
Upper Segment: Lower Segment Ratio
Arm Span
Head Circumference/ Occipitofrontal Circumference (OFC)
Precautions to be Taken While Measuring Head Circumference
Brain Development

Short Stature and Tall Stature

Short Stature
Definition
Normal Variants
Mid Parental Height (MPH)
Intra Uterine Causes
Post Natal/ Acquired Causes
Important Causes of Disproportionate Short Stature
Tall Stature

Abnormalities of Head Size & Shape

Abnormalities of Head Size
Microcephaly/ Small Head
Definition
Classification
Etiology of Primary microcephaly
Etiology of Secondary microcephaly
Macrocephaly / Large Head
Definition
Important Causes of Macrocephaly
Abnormalities of Head Shape
Types
Fontanelles
Examination of Anterior Fontanelle

Normal & Abnormal Dentition

Normal Dentition
Sequence in which Milk teeth erupt
Sequence in which Permanent teeth erupt
Abnormalities of Dentition
Delayed Dentition
Natal Teeth
Hutchinson's Teeth

Important Motor Milestones

Development
Rules of Development
Gross Motor
In Ventral Suspension
In Prone Position
Other Milestones
Fine Motor
Fine Motors Milestones (1 to 5 years)

Social & Language Milestones

Social Milestones
Language Milestones
Vision Milestones
Hearing Milestones

Developmental Implications of Important Milestones

Gross Motor Milestones
Fine Motor Milestones
Social Milestones
Language Milestones

Abnormalities of Development

Developmental Red Flags
Important causes of Development Delay (“CDGPPIC”)
Developmental Assessment
Developmental Quotient [D.Q.]
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Behavioural Disorders In Children

Nocturnal Enuresis
Management
PICA
Thumb Sucking
Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
Breath Holding Spells

Puberty & Adolescence

Puberty
Sequence of Changes in Puberty in Females
Sequence of Changes in Puberty in Males
Orchidometer
Assessment of Puberty in Adolescent
Staging of Puberty in Females
Staging of Puberty in Males
Important Facts Related to Puberty & Adolescence

Neonatology

Classification
Important Causes for LFD Neonate
Post-Term or Post Mature Neonate
Characteristics of Post-Term Neonate
Complications of Post-Term Neonate
High Risk Infant
Factors Associated with High-Risk Infants

Primitive Neonatal Reflexes

Reflexes present at birth in a term neonate
Reflexes present afterbirth
Rooting Reflex
Moro's Reflex/ Embrace Equivalent
ATNR (Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex) & STNR (Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex)
Parachute reflex
Important Conditions in Neonates not Requiring any Specific Treatment
Skin & Mucosa
Other Conditions in Neonates Not Requiring any Specific Treatment

Neonatal Resuscitation

Neonatal Resuscitation Protocol (NRP)
If any of these is not present, then check the baby for
Suction of airways
Devices used for positive pressure ventilation
Ventilation corrective steps
Endotracheal intubation in NRP
Laryngoscope
Endotracheal tube size
Chest compressions
Inj. Adrenaline
Resuscitation of a baby born through meconium-stained liquor

IUGR and Feeding Of Preterm Neonate

Symmetric & Asymmetric IUGR
Important Causes of IUGR
Prevention of IUGR

Neonatal Sepsis

Definition
Classification of Neonatal Sepsis
Clinical Features of Neonatal Sepsis
Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis
Management of Neonatal Sepsis

Neonatal Hypothermia

Classification of Hypothermia in Neonates
Ways to Assess the Temperature of Neonate
Clinical Categories of Hypothermia- Based on the Touch Method
Thermoneutral Environment/Thermoneutral Range of Temperature
Clinical Features of Neonatal Hypothermia
Investigation Findings in Case of Prolonged Hypothermia
Ways to Prevent Neonatal Hypothermia
Devices used to keep baby warm
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)
Treatment of neonatal hypothermia
Neonatal Hyperthermia

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Definition
Treatment
Persistent Hypoglycemia
Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM)
Problems in IDM (Infant of Diabetic Mother)

Perinatalasphyxia

Definition
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Criteria for Severe Birth Asphyxia
Staging of HIE
Treatment of HIE

Important Scores In Neonate

APGAR Score
Scores Used to Assess Respiratory Distress
Silverman Score
Downe's Score
CRIB Score
SNAP Score

Respiratory Disorders In Neonates

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Surfactant
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Prevention of RDS
Neonatal Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Clinical Features
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Chest X-Ray findings of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
Treatment
Complications
TTNB (Transient Tachypnea of Newborn)
Basic Defect
Risk Factor
Clinical Features
CXR Findings
Treatment

Nectrotosing Enterocolitis

Introduction
Modified Bell's staging of NEC
Prognosis of NEC: Poor

Neonatal Jaundice

Physiological jaundice v/s Pathological Jaundice
Breastfeeding Jaundice v/s Breast Milk Jaundice
Important Causes of Pathological Jaundice
Clinical Features of Neonatal Jaundice
Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Pathophysiology of Erythroblastosis Fetalis Due to Rh Incompatibility
Clinical Features of HDN
Investigation Findings
Hydrops Fetalis

Latest Updates In Neonatology

Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)
Antenatal Corticosteroids
Antenatal MgSO4
Effects
Mechanism of action
Delivery Room CPAP for Preterms < 32 Weeks Gestation
Techniques for Surfactant Administration
Caffeine Therapy
Indication
Benefits
ILAE Classification of Neonatal Seizures
Etiology
Head Growth in Preterm Neonates
Pathophysiology of TTNB
Normal
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB)
Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Management of a Baby Born to an HIV Positive Mother
Diagnosis of HIV in infant
Calculation of GFR in Neonates
Umbilical Cord Blood Banking
Indications for UCB transplant
Advantages
Umbilical Artery Catheterization (UAC) vs Umbilical Venous Catheterization (UAC)
Packet red blood cell (PRBC) Transfusion in Neonates
Nasal Cannula Size

Breast Milk & Breast feeding

Exclusive Breast Feeding
Factors Affecting Breast Milk Output
Storage of Expressed Breast Milk (EBM)
Contraindications to Breast Feeding
Advantages of Breast Feeding for Baby
Composition
Anti-Infective Substances
Breast Milk Protects Against Diseases Like
Variations in the Composition of Breast Milk
Depending on Time After Birth
Depending on Gestational Age
Depending on Each Feeding Session

Micronutrients In Health And Disease

What are micronutrients?
Classification
Vitamin A
WHO Classification of Eye Lesions Due to Vitamin ADeficiency (X-Xerophthalmia)
Treatment of Vitamin A deficiency
Hypervitaminosis A
National Vitamin AProphylaxis Program
Vitamin B-Complex
Clinical Features Due to Vitamin B Deficiency
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin D
Normal Physiology
Hypervitaminosis D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin K Deficiency
Iron

Malnutrition

Age Independent Anthropometric Indices
Classification of Malnutrition
IAP Classification
Gomez Classification
WHO Classification
Wellcome Trust Classification
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
Management for SAM
POSHAN Abhiyan

Body Composition & Acid Base Balance

Body Composition
Total Body Water [TBW]
ECF & ICF Volumes
Osmolality
Cases
Disorders of Acid Base Balance
Normal Values
Acidosis
A. Metabolic Acidosis in Children
B. Respiratory Acidosis
ALKALOSIS
A. Metabolic Alkalosis in Children
B. Respiratory alkalosis

Disorders of Sodium And Potass

Hypernatremia
Definition
Etiology
Hyponatremia
Definition
Etiology
SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Pathophysiology
Treatment
Pseudohyponatremia
Hypokalemia
ECG changes in Hypokalemia
Treatment of Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Etiology
ECG changes in Hyperkalemia
Treatment of Hyperkalemia

Primary Immunodeficiency

Definition
Types
Primary Antibody Defects
Bruton's Disease / X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
CVID (Common Variable Immune Deficiency)
Selective IgA Deficiency
Hyper IgM Syndrome
IgG Subclass Deficiency
Cell Mediated & Combined Immunodeficiency Defect
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Hyper IgE Syndrome (Job Syndrome)
Digeorge Syndrome (Velo Cardiofacial Syndrome)
Immunodeficiency Disorders due to Phagocyte Dysfunction
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)
Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Vasculitic Disorders In Children

Important Viral Diseases In Children

Measles
SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis)
Rubella (German Measles)
Chicken Pox (Varicella)
Erythema Infectiosum
Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD)
Causative Agent
Clinical Features
Roseola Infantum
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Clinical Features
HIV in Children
H N Infection

Covid-19 In Children

PIMS-TS or MIS-C

Important Bacterial Diseases In Children

Congenital Infections

Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Risk of Infections
Prevention and Treatment
Congenital TB
Congenital Syphilis

Immunization

General Concepts
Latest National Immunization Schedule Must Know
Additional Vaccines recommended by IAP
Practical case scenarios
Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)
Shake test
Open vial policy
Cocoon strategy
Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
Definition
Clinical classification of vaccine reaction
Immunization in Special Situations

Individual Vaccine

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) Vaccine
Polio Vaccines
Hepatitis-B Vaccine
DPT vaccine
Pentavalent vaccine
Measles vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
Hepatitis Avaccine
Typhoid vaccine
Varicella vaccine
HPV(Human Papillomavirus) vaccine
Influenza vaccine

Fetal Circulation& Classification of Congenital Heart Diseases

Differences Between Fetal Circulation & Adult Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Umbilical cord
Structures in Fetal Circulation with Decreasing Saturation of O2
Changes in Circulation After Birth
Pressures in Different Chambers of Heart in Adult Circulation
Nada's Criteria
Classification of Congenital Heart Diseases

Important Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Hemodynamics of VSD
Treatment
Complications of VSD
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Hemodynamics
Clinical Presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Syndromes Associated with ASD
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Factors predisposing to PDA
Hemodynamics
Auscultation
Clinical Presentation
Investigation
Treatment
Differential cyanosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Four Components of Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)
Pathophysiology and Clinical features
Severity of TOF
Complications of TOF
Investigations
Cyanotic Spell or Tet Spell
Pathophysiology
Management

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Modified Jone's criteria (2015)
Prevention

Other Congenital Heart Diseases

Truncus Arteriosus
Basic defect
Genetic syndrome associated
TAPVC / TAPVR [Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection / Return]
Basic defect
TGA/TGV[Transposition of Great Arteries / Vessels]
Basic defect
Parallel Circulation in TGA
Treatment
Coarctation of Aorta
Treatment
HLHS [Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome]
Tricuspid Atresia
Ebstein Anomaly

Important Hematological Disorders in Children

Normal Human Hemoglobins
Major Sites of Hematopoiesis
Normal Life Span of RBC
Anemias in Children
WHO definition
Approach to anemia in children
Iron Deficiency Anemia(IDA)
D/D of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Treatment of IDA
Response to Treatment in Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Treatment
Βeta -Thalassemia
Basic defect
Inheritance
Common Mutations in India
Investigation in β-Thalassemia Major
Treatment of β-Thalassemia Major
Alpha Thalassemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Basic defect
Inheritance
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fanconi Anemia
Aplastic Anemia

Important Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders in Children

ITP (Idiopathic/Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Pathophysiology
Clinical features

Hematological Malignancies in Children

Acute Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
WHO Classification
Clinical features
Clinical differentiation between AMLand ALL
Diagnosis
Prognostic markers in ALL
Treatment of AML
Hodgkin's Disease
Burkitt's lymphoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Tumors of Infancy and Childhood

Retinoblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Wilm's Tumor
Clinical presentation
Congenital malformations with increased risk of Wilms tumor
Treatment
Sacro- Coccygeal Teratoma (SCT)
CNS Tumors
Syndromes Associated with Brain Tumors
Clinical Features
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Craniopharyngioma

Disorders Of Gastrointestinal System

Esophageal Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]
Esophageal Atresia (EA) & Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Foreign Body (FB) in Esophagus
Disorders of Stomach and Intestine
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Acute Diarrhea
Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children
Persistent Diarrhea in Children
Lactose Intolerance in Children
Celiac Disease (CD)
Intussusception
Hirschsprung Disease
Bowel Atresia
Peutz–Jegher Syndrome

Liver Disorders in Children

Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Portal Hypertension in Children
Causes
Clinical features of portal hypertension
Viral Hepatitis in Children
Clinical Features
Wilson Disease
Reye Syndrome

Important Respiratory Disorders In Children

Features differentiating Pediatric airway from Adult Airway
Congenital Malformations of Airways
Laryngomalacia
Congenital Malformations of lung
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Pulmonary Sequestration
Congenital Lobar Emphysema [CLE]
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation [CCAM]
Foreign Body Aspiration

Bronchial Asthma in Children

Definition
Types
Triggers
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Examination Findings
Investigations
D/D of Bronchial Asthma
Treatment of asthma in children

Infections of Airways and Lungs

Acute Pharyngitis
Acute Epiglottitis
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)
Acute Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Approach to a Child (Cough orDifficulty in Breathing)

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic Basis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic criteria of cystic fibrosis
Treatment

Pediatric Nephrology

Normal Structure and Function of Kidney in Children
Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases
Congenital Abnormalities of Genitourinary Tract
Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes
Obstructive and Infective Disorders of Urinary Tract
Renal Tubular Disorders

Pediatric Neurology

Congenital CNS Malformations and Hydrocephalus
Seizures in Children
Disorders with CNS InvoQlvement and Brain Death

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In addition to all the above-mentioned high-yield topics, you must pay special attention to the topics asked in the last 3 Years of the PG entrance exam. Make sure you go through our QBank on the PrepLadder app and identify the questions asked in the previous three years. It would help if you revised the entire topic thoroughly for your NEET PG 2026 preparation.

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Kashika Walia

Kashika Walia is a Senior Content Writer at PrepLadder. She is devoted to give her readers easily digestible and high-value content that makes their journey towards their dream career incredibly easy.

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